RT Book, Section A1 Myrianthefs, Pavlos M. A1 Karabatsos, Elias A1 Baltopoulos, George J. A2 Hall, Jesse B. A2 Schmidt, Gregory A. A2 Kress, John P. SR Print(0) ID 1107719756 T1 Sepsis and Immunoparalysis T2 Principles of Critical Care, 4e YR 2015 FD 2015 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 9780071738811 LK accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1107719756 RD 2024/10/09 AB Current paradigms of sepsis include both pro- and anti-inflammatory pathway activation to different degrees and at different phases of the syndrome.Failure to recognize and understand the dynamic changes in immune response in sepsis may in part explain the failure of a number of anti-inflammatory drugs and biologics studied in critically ill patients.The anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressed state associated with sepsis and other forms of critical illness is often protracted and places patients at risk for complicating nosocomial infections and activation of latent infections.When clinically significant, the anti-inflammatory state associated with sepsis is termed immunoparesis or immunoparalysis.Cell and humoral biomarkers are needed to properly characterize the individual patient’s immune status to guide targeted and personalized therapy to modulate both excessive immune stimulation as well as immune suppression.