RT Book, Section A1 Ionescu, Adrian M. A1 DeGroot, Kerry A2 Freeman, Brian S. A2 Berger, Jeffrey S. SR Print(0) ID 1102569374 T1 Frank–Starling Law T2 Anesthesiology Core Review: Part One Basic Exam YR 2014 FD 2014 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 9780071821377 LK accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1102569374 RD 2024/04/19 AB Cardiac output (CO) is dependent on the product of two variables, heart rate (HR) and stroke volume (SV), or the volume pumped by the heart with each contraction. The relationship between CO, HR, and SV can be summarized by the following equation: CO = SV × HR. While the intrinsic HR is dependent on the depolarization of the sinoatrial (SA) node, SV is dependent on three factors: ventricular preload, aortic afterload, and the strength of the myocardial contraction.