RT Book, Section A1 Wasnick, John D. A1 Hillel, Zak A1 Kramer, David A1 Littwin, Sanford A1 Nicoara, Alina SR Print(0) ID 8551494 T1 Chapter 15. Anesthesia in the Electrophysiology and Catheterization Laboratories T2 Cardiac Anesthesia and Transesophageal Echocardiography YR 2011 FD 2011 PB The McGraw-Hill Companies PP New York, NY SN 978-0-07-171798-4 LK accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=8551494 RD 2024/04/25 AB The number of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions performed outside of the operating room requiring anesthesia services has increased exponentially over the past 10 years. Anesthesiologists of all varieties are engaged in doctor's offices, ambulatory surgery centers, and endoscopy suites. Although cardiac anesthesiologists are most often involved with highly invasive heart surgery procedures, they too find an increasing part of their practice spent outside of the operating theatre. Evermore complicated catheter-mediated procedures are completed in ever sicker patients in the cardiac catheterization and electrophysiological laboratories. Common procedures include: diagnostic coronary angiography, coronary stenting, percutaneous closure of septal defects, electrophysiology (EP) studies, arrhythmia ablations, and implantations of pacemakers/cardioverter defibrillators. Also, as was previously discussed, catheter-based valve replacements and repairs are also being performed.