RT Book, Section A1 Wagener, Gebhard A2 Atchabahian, Arthur A2 Gupta, Ruchir SR Print(0) ID 57260632 T1 Chapter 27. Chronic Renal Failure T2 The Anesthesia Guide YR 2013 FD 2013 PB The McGraw-Hill Companies PP New York, NY SN 978-0-07-176049-2 LK accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=57260632 RD 2024/10/08 AB Table Graphic Jump Location|Download (.pdf)|PrintOrgan Systems Involved in Renal FailureNeuroUremic encephalopathyDepends on rate of rise of BUN, not absolute valuePeripheral and autonomic neuropathyCardiacUremic pericarditis (rare)HypertensionLeft ventricular hypertrophy and congestive heart failure (CHF)RespiratoryVolume overload and pulmonary edemaGastrointestinalDelayed gastric emptyingRenalAcidosis: Non-anion gap acidosis with renal bicarbonate loss and hyperchloremiaAnion gap acidosis due to hyperphosphatemiaHyperkalemia: Worsened by acute acidosis (pH ⇓ by 0.1 causes K+ ⇑ by 0.5 mEq/L)HematologyNormocytic, normochromic anemiaUremic platelet dysfunction and coagulopathy: Impaired von Willebrand factor (vWF) release from endothelium ⇒ impaired platelet activationCan be treated with desmopressin (0.3 μg/kg) that releases endogenous vWFIDImmunosuppression due to myelodepressionCatheter-related infectionsPeritonitis with peritoneal dialysisOthersVascular accessTunneled dialysis catheterDouble-lumen central venous catheters (Vas Cath)Arteriovenous (AV) fistula and shunts