RT Book, Section A1 Hill, Nicholas S. A2 Tobin, Martin J. SR Print(0) ID 57066583 T1 Chapter 18. Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation T2 Principles and Practice of Mechanical Ventilation, 3e YR 2013 FD 2013 PB The McGraw-Hill Companies PP New York, NY SN 978-0-07-173626-8 LK accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=57066583 RD 2024/03/19 AB Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) refers to the provision of mechanical ventilation without the need for an invasive artificial airway. Many different approaches to assisting ventilation noninvasively have been used in the past, including negative-pressure ventilators, pneumobelts, and rocking beds (see Chapters 16 and 17).1 By virtue of its effectiveness and convenience compared with other noninvasive approaches, however, noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NIPPV) using a mask (or interface) that conducts gas from a positive-pressure ventilator into the nose or mouth has become the predominant means of administering NIV throughout the world. NIPPV has long been used to treat chronic respiratory failure caused by chest wall deformities, slowly progressive neuromuscular disorders, or central hypoventilation.2 In more recent years, NIPPV has been increasingly used to treat patients with various forms of acute respiratory failure.3 For the purposes of this discussion, NIPPV refers to active ventilator assistance achieved by the noninvasive provision of a mechanical positive-pressure breath during inhalation, and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) refers to the provision of a nonfluctuating positive-pressure. This chapter discusses the rationale for use, evidence for efficacy of noninvasive positive-pressure techniques in both acute and chronic settings, selection of appropriate patients, techniques for administration, and pitfalls and complications.