RT Book, Section A1 Mathew, Joseph P. A1 Swaminathan, Madhav A1 Ayoub, Chakib M. SR Print(0) ID 6921495 T1 Appendix A. Normal Chamber Dimensions T2 Clinical Manual and Review of Transesophageal Echocardiography, 2e YR 2010 FD 2010 PB The McGraw-Hill Companies PP New York, NY SN 978-0-07-163476-2 LK accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=6921495 RD 2024/03/28 AB |PrintStructureMeasurementViewDimensiona (cm)ChambersLeft atriumbDiameter (A)ME4C or ME2C2.7-4.0Right atriumcMinor axis (B)ME4C2.9-4.5Left ventricledWall thickness (septal) (C)TGmidSAX0.6-1.0Wall thickness inferolateral (D)TGmidSAX0.6-1.0Diameter (E)ME2C or TG2C3.9-5.9Right ventricleBasal diameter (F)ME4C2.0-2.8Mid diameter (G)ME4C2.7-3.3Length (H)ME4C7.1-7.9Wall thickness (I)ME4C or RV inflow-outflow< 0.5Tracts/VesselsRight ventricular outflowRVOT diameter (below PV) (J)ME AV SAX or RV inflow-outflow2.5-2.9RVOT diameter (above PV) (K)ME AV SAX or RV inflow-outflow1.7-2.3Aortic rooteSinus of Valsalva (L)ME AV LAX2.6-4.0Pulmonary arteryfDiameter (M)RV inflow-outflow1.5-2.1Inferior vena cavagDiameterME4C (modified)1.2-1.7aAll dimensions are adapted from the ASE guidelines1 and include the normal ranges for adult men and women.bLeft atrium (LA): The LA diameter cannot be reliably measured with TEE. Multiple views are recommended to obtain the diameter.cRight atrium (RA): The RA should be measured from its lateral border to the interatrial septum. The TEE probe should be rotated slightly towards the right from the ME4C view to obtain optimal views of the RA.dLeft ventricle (LV): The diameter of the LV should be measured at end-diastole in the two-chamber views to avoid foreshortening.eAortic root: Normal dimensions of the aortic root, LV outflow tract, and aortic annulus are highly variable and dependent on body size. Standardized nomograms have been published elsewhere.2 These values represent ranges in aortic root diameter measured at the level of the sinus of Valsalva in individuals above 40 years.fPulmonary artery (PA): There are no standardized TEE views for measuring the PA diameter. These values are adapted from the transthoracic parasternal short-axis view.gInferior vena cava (IVC): There are no standardized TEE views for measuring the IVC diameter. The IVC may be measured 1 to 2 cm from its junction from the RA by rotating the TEE probe towards the right and withdrawing slightly from the ME4C view and following the IVC into the hepatic parenchyma.