RT Book, Section
A1 Martinelli, Susan M.
A1 Rogers, Joseph G.
A1 Milano, Carmelo A.
A2 Mathew, Joseph P.
A2 Swaminathan, Madhav
A2 Ayoub, Chakib M.
SR Print(0)
ID 6919123
T1 Chapter 17. Transesophageal Echocardiography for Heart Failure Surgery
T2 Clinical Manual and Review of Transesophageal Echocardiography, 2e
YR 2010
FD 2010
PB The McGraw-Hill Companies
PP New York, NY
SN 978-0-07-163476-2
LK accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=6919123
RD 2024/04/24
AB The  epidemic  of  heart  failure  is  a  worldwide  problem  that  is  anticipated  to  increase  with  both  an  aging  population  and  the  improved  survival  from  cardiac  complications  producing  left  ventricular  systolic  dysfunction  (e.g.  myocardial  infarction).  Increasingly,  these  patients  who  survive  a  serious  cardiac  injury  but  have  persistent  ventricular  dysfunction  precluding  normal  end-organ  function  experience  a  poor  quality  of  life  and  high  rates  of  morbidity  and  mortality.  At  the  age  of  40,  the  lifetime  risk  of  developing  heart  failure  is  20%,  and  the  1-year  heart  failure  mortality  rate  is  20%.1  The  number  of  hospitalizations  for  heart  failure  has  tripled  between  the  1970s  and  2004,  and  contemporary  data  indicate  that  heart  failure  was  the  primary  or  secondary  cause  of  3.8  million  annual  admissions  in  the  United  States.2  It  is  estimated  that  the  direct  and  indirect  costs  of  heart  failure  in  the  United  States  will  exceed  $37  billion  in  2009,  highlighting  the  economic  importance  of  this  disease.1