RT Book, Section A1 Schlosser, Robert J. A1 Nielsen, Karen C. A1 Evans, Holly A1 Klein, Stephen M. A1 Tucker, Marcy S. A1 Steele, Susan M. A2 Hadzic, Admir SR Print(0) ID 3507428 T1 Chapter 62. Peripheral Nerve Blocks for Outpatient Surgery T2 NYSORA Textbook of Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management YR 2007 FD 2007 PB The McGraw-Hill Companies PP New York, NY SN 9780071449069 LK accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=3507428 RD 2024/10/10 AB The development of ambulatory surgery and that of peripheral nerve blocks (PNBs) occurred over two separate historic timelines. The performance of outpatient or ambulatory surgeries commenced in the mid-1800s, and its utilization rapidly escalated throughout the next century. By 1980, 16.3% of all surgeries were performed on an outpatient basis. By 1984 this number rose to 30% and the Society for Ambulatory Anesthesia (SAMBA) was born. The total outpatient rate approached 50% by 1990, 60% in 1997, and may have hit 70% in 2003.1,2 During the same span of time, techniques for PNBs were also being discovered. The decades from 1884, (when Koller and Brettauer first instilled ocular cocaine in Heidelberg, Germany3) to 1912 and 1914, (when Kappis and Heidenhein described the interscalene block,4) marked the birth of PNBs. Despite the coexistence of both ambulatory anesthesia and PNB techniques for over a century, they were not typically used concurrently.