RT Book, Section
A1 Freeman, Brian S.
A1 Berger, Jeffrey S.
SR Print(0)
ID 1206857722
T1 Dialysis and Hemofiltration
T2 Anesthesiology Core Review: Part Two ADVANCED Exam, 2nd Edition
YR 2024
FD 2024
PB McGraw Hill
PP New York, NY
SN 9781264285730
LK accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1206857722
RD 2024/10/10
AB In  the  United  States,  there  are  now  approximately  530  000  patients  with  end-stage  renal  disease  (ESRD).  The  incidence  rate  is  350  cases  per  million  per  year;  however,  it  is  disproportionately  higher  in  African  Americans,  1000  per  million  per  year.  Diabetes  mellitus  is  the  leading  cause  of  ESRD,  accounting  for  55%  of  newly  diagnosed  cases  each  year.  In  addition,  hypertension  causes  about  33%  of  newly  diagnosed  cases;  other  causes  include  glomerulonephritis,  polycystic  kidney  disease,  and  obstructive  uropathy.  In  the  United  States,  the  mortality  rate  of  patients  on  dialysis  is  18%–20%  per  year  with  a  5-year  survival  rate  of  approximately  30%–35%.  These  deaths  are  mainly  due  to  cardiovascular  disease  (50%)  or  infection  (15%).  Older  age,  male  sex,  nonblack  race,  diabetes  mellitus,  malnutrition,  and  underlying  heart  disease  are  all  predictors  of  mortality  in  these  patients.