RT Book, Section A1 Hareza, Dariusz A1 Olson, Gregory A1 Nguyen, Cynthia A1 Pitrak, David A2 Schmidt, Gregory A. A2 Kress, John P. A2 Douglas, Ivor S. SR Print(0) ID 1201805249 T1 Endocarditis and Other Intravascular Infections T2 Hall, Schmidt and Wood’s Principles of Critical Care, 5th Edition YR 2023 FD 2023 PB McGraw Hill PP New York, NY SN 9781264264353 LK accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1201805249 RD 2024/11/11 AB KEY POINTSIntravascular infections are characterized by continuous bacteremia, although positive blood cultures are not invariable.Infective endocarditis (IE) has high morbidity and mortality, even with optimal therapy.The diagnosis of IE is clinical, and the modified Duke criteria have been validated and updated.Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) is the imaging modality of choice, but a number of imaging techniques may be helpful.Therapy of IE requires parenteral administration of bactericidal antibiotics for an extended duration, although surgical intervention may be also necessary to eradicate the infection or manage complications.Suppurative or septic thrombophlebitis can be a naturally occurring infection or because of local infections, penetrating trauma, injection drug use, or intravenous devices. In addition to antibiotics, anticoagulation may be beneficial.Arterial infections or infectious arteritis occur from septic emboli, seeding of atherosclerotic plaques or aneurysms, trauma, injection drug use, and arterial procedures. Management usually requires surgery, especially in cases with prosthetic vascular grafts.