RT Book, Section
A1 Yandrapalli, Srikanth
A1 Tariq, Sohaib
A1 Lanier, Gregg M.
A2 Go, Ronaldo Collo
SR Print(0)
ID 1160186152
T1 Congestive Heart Failure
T2 Critical Care Examination and Board Review
YR 2019
FD 2019
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9781259834356
LK accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1160186152
RD 2023/12/05
AB Heart  failure  (HF)  is  the  inability  of  the  heart  to  pump  an  adequate  supply  of  blood  to  meet  the  demands  of  the  body.  It  is  an  epidemic  and  is  associated  with  significant  morbidity,  mortality,  and  healthcare  expenditure.  Heart  failure  has  an  estimated  prevalence  of  5.8  million  in  the  United  States,  and  affects  over  23  million  people  worldwide.1  The  cost  of  HF  in  the  United  States  was  around  $30  billion  in  2012,  a  number  that  is  projected  to  increase  to  around  $70  billion  by  the  year  2030.2  Acute  decompensated  HF  (ADHF)  is  the  clinical  syndrome  of  new  onset  or  worsening  HF  symptoms  and  signs  requiring  urgent  treatment.3  In  the  United  States,  ADHF  exacerbations  result  in  about  1  million  hospitalizations  yearly  and  contribute  largely  to  the  overall  HF  healthcare  expenditure.2  Hospitalization  for  ADHF  serves  as  a  poor  prognostic  indicator  with  an  approximate  30%  and  50%  readmission  rate  at  1  month  and  6  months,  respectively,  and  a  1-year  all-cause  mortality  as  high  as  30%.4,5