RT Book, Section
A1 Powers, Alvin C.
A1 D’Alessio,  David
A2 Brunton, Laurence L.
A2 Hilal-Dandan, Randa
A2 Knollmann, Björn C.
SR Print(0)
ID 1162542616
T1 Endocrine Pancreas and Pharmacotherapy of Diabetes Mellitus and Hypoglycemia
T2 Goodman & Gilman's: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 13e
YR 2017
FD 2017
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9781259584732
LK accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1162542616
RD 2024/04/18
AB Diabetes  mellitus  is  a  spectrum  of  metabolic  disorders  arising  from  myriad  pathogenic  mechanisms,  all  resulting  in  hyperglycemia.  Both  genetic  and  environmental  factors  contribute  to  its  pathogenesis,  which  involves  insufficient  insulin  secretion,  reduced  responsiveness  to  endogenous  or  exogenous  insulin,  increased  glucose  production,  or  abnormalities  in  fat  and  protein  metabolism.  The  resulting  hyperglycemia  may  lead  to  both  acute  symptoms  and  metabolic  abnormalities.  Major  sources  of  the  morbidity  of  diabetes  are  the  chronic  complications  that  arise  from  prolonged  hyperglycemia,  including  retinopathy,  neuropathy,  nephropathy,  and  cardiovascular  disease.  These  chronic  complications  can  be  mitigated  in  many  patients  by  sustained  control  of  the  blood  glucose  and  treatment  of  comorbidities  such  as  hypertension  and  dyslipidemia  (Nathan,  2014;  Orchard  et  al.,  2015).  There  are  now  a  wide  variety  of  treatment  options  for  hyperglycemia  that  target  different  processes  involved  in  glucose  regulation  or  dysregulation  (Nathan,  2015).