RT Book, Section A1 Blumenthal, Donald K. A2 Brunton, Laurence L. A2 Hilal-Dandan, Randa A2 Knollmann, Björn C. SR Print(0) ID 1162532908 T1 Pharmacodynamics: Molecular Mechanisms of Drug Action T2 Goodman & Gilman's: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 13e YR 2017 FD 2017 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 9781259584732 LK accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1162532908 RD 2024/11/12 AB AbbreviationsAAV: adeno-associated virusAC: adenylyl cyclaseACE: angiotensin-converting enzymeACh: acetylcholineAChE: acetylcholinesteraseAKAP: A-kinase anchoring proteinAMPA: α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acidAngII: angiotensin IIANP: atrial natriuretic peptideApaf-1: apoptotic activating protease factor 1ASO: antisense oligonucleotideATG: autophagy geneAT1R: AT1 receptorBNP: brain natriuretic peptidecAMP: cyclic adenosine monophosphatecAMP-GEF: cAMP-guanine exchange factorcGMP: cyclic guanosine monophosphateCNG: cyclic nucleotide–gated channelCNP: C-type natriuretic peptideCREB: cAMP response element–binding proteinCRISPR/Cas9: clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9DA: dopamineDAG: diacylglycerolDMD: Duchenne muscular dystrophyDRAM: damage-regulated autophagy modulator4EBP: eukaryotic initiation factor 4e (eif-4E)–binding proteinEC50: half-maximally effective concentrationEGF: epidermal growth factoreNOS: endothelial NOS (NOS3)EPAC: exchange protein activated by cAMPFADD: Fas-associated death domainFGF: fibroblast growth factorFKBP12: immunophilin target (binding protein) for tacrolimus (FK506)FXR: farnesoid X receptorGABA: γ-aminobutyric acidGAP: GTPase-activating proteinGC: guanylyl cyclaseGEF: guanine nucleotide exchange factorGI: gastrointestinalGPCR: G protein–coupled receptorGRK: GPCR kinaseHCN: hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide–gated channelHRE: hormone response element5HT: serotoninIGF1R: insulinlike growth factor 1 receptorIKK: IκB kinaseiNOS: inducible NOS (NOS2)IP3: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphateIRAK: interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinaseJak: Janus kinaseJNK: c-Jun N-terminal kinaseKATP: ATP-dependent K+ channelKi: affinity of a competitive antagonistLBD: ligand-binding domainLDLR: low-density lipoprotein receptorLXR: liver X receptorMAO: monoamine oxidaseMAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinaseMHC: major histocompatibility complexMLCK: myosin light chain kinasemTOR: mammalian target of rapamycinMyD88: myeloid differentiation protein 88NE: norepinephrineNF-κB: nuclear factor kappa BNGF: nerve growth factorNGG: 5′-(any Nucleotide)-Guanosine-Guanosine-3′NMDA:N-methyl-D-aspartatenmDMD: nonsense mutation Duchenne muscular dystrophynNOS: neuronal NOS (NOS1)NO: nitric oxideNOS: NO synthaseNPR-A: ANP receptorNPR-B: natriuretic peptide B receptorNPR-C: natriuretic peptide C receptorNSAID: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugPDE: cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterasePAM: protospacer-adjacent motifPDGF: platelet-derived growth factorPDGF-R: PDGR receptorPI3K: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinasePIP3: phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphatePK_: protein kinase _ (e.g., PKA)PKB: protein kinase B (also known as Akt)PLC: phospholipase CPPAR: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorRGS: regulator of G protein signalingRIP1: receptor interacting protein 1RISC: RNA-induced silencing complexRNAi: RNA interferenceRXR: retinoic acid receptorSERCA: SR Ca2+-ATPasesGC: soluble guanylyl cyclasesgRNA: single “guide” RNAsiRNA: small interfering RNAS6K: S6 kinaseSMAC: second mitochondria-derived activator of caspaseSMC: smooth muscle cellSR: sarcoplasmic reticulumSTAT: signal transducer and activator of transcriptionTAK1: transforming growth factor β–activated kinase 1TCR: T cell receptorTGF-β: transforming growth factor βTLR: Toll-like receptorTNF-α: tumor necrosis factor αTRADD: TNF receptor–associated death domainTRAF: TNF receptor–associated factorTRAIL: TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligandTRP: transient receptor potentialVEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor