RT Book, Section A1 Toledano, Roulhac D. A1 Van de Velde, Marc A2 Hadzic, Admir SR Print(0) ID 1141733230 T1 Epidural Anesthesia and Analgesia T2 Hadzic's Textbook of Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management, 2e YR 2017 FD 2017 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 9780071717595 LK accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1141733230 RD 2024/04/18 AB Clinical indications for epidural anesthesia and analgesia have expanded significantly over the past several decades.* Epidural analgesia is often used to supplement general anesthesia (GA) for surgical procedures in patients of all ages with moderate-to-severe comorbid disease; provide analgesia in the intraoperative, postoperative, peripartum, and end-of-life settings; and can be used as the primary anesthetic for surgeries from the mediastinum to the lower extremities. In addition, epidural techniques are used increasingly for diagnostic procedures, acute pain therapy, and management of chronic pain. Epidural blockade may also reduce the surgical stress response, the risk of cancer recurrence, the incidence of perioperative thromboembolic events, and, possibly, the morbidity and mortality associated with major surgery.