RT Book, Section A1 Dao, Hiep A2 Freeman, Brian S. A2 Berger, Jeffrey S. SR Print(0) ID 1135740135 T1 Ventricular Assist Devices T2 Anesthesiology Core Review: Part Two Advanced Exam YR 2016 FD 2016 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 9781259641770 LK accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1135740135 RD 2024/10/04 AB Ventricular assist devices (VADs) are increasingly being placed in patients with severe heart failure and cardiogenic shock. LVADs are essentially artificial hearts that assist the circulation and used to treat patients with advanced heart failure. These patients have deteriorating New York Heart Association class IV heart failure despite inotropic and/or intra-aortic balloon pump support, usually with end-organ dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fractions less than 25% and maximum oxygen consumption less than 15 mL/kg/min).