TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Chapter 1. Biostatistics and Clinical Practice A1 - Glantz, Stanton A. PY - 2012 T2 - Primer of Biostatistics, 7e AB - Until the second quarter of the 20th century, medical treatment had little positive effect on when, or even whether, sick people recovered. With the discovery of ways to reverse the biochemical deficiencies that caused some diseases and the development of antibacterial drugs, it became possible to cure sick people. These early successes and the therapeutic optimism they engendered stimulated the biomedical research community to develop a host of more powerful agents to treat heart disease, cancer, neurological disorders, and other ailments. These increasing opportunities for productive intervention as well as a fundamental restructuring of the market away from nonprofit health care providers to for-profit entities and the expansion of the pharmaceutical, medical device, and insurance industries that saw opportunities to make money providing medical services, together with increasing expectations by the public, have led to spending an accelerating amount of money on medical services, reaching $2.6 trillion and nearly one-fifth of the United States' entire gross domestic product in 2011 (Fig. 1-1). SN - PB - The McGraw-Hill Companies CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=57410201 ER -