TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Chapter 18. Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy A1 - Teplick, Richard A1 - Rubin, Robert H. A2 - Longnecker, David E. A2 - Brown, David L. A2 - Newman, Mark F. A2 - Zapol, Warren M. PY - 2012 T2 - Anesthesiology, 2e AB - Antibiotic therapy should be based on the infection site, host defenses, antibiotic toxicity, antibiotic pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and the regional resistance organisms and antibiotic susceptibility patterns.Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, which is generally spread by contact, has become a major cause of serious hospital-associated infections and ensuing morbidity despite the development of newer effective antibiotics.The term catheter-associated infection is used for surveillance and is a diagnosis of exclusion based on the presence of a catheter within 48 hours of a bloodstream infection and no other identifiable source.Ventilator-associated pneumonia typically arises as an extension of upper airway bacteria and is related to duration of intubation. Several "bundles" are recommended for prevention, although their efficacy is controversial.Most guidelines recommend avoiding central venous catheters when possible, removal as soon as it is no longer needed, and placement using full sterile procedures with barrier precautions.Intra-abdominal infections are often associated with mixed flora and generally require anaerobic as well as aerobic antibiotic treatment.Recommended surgical prophylaxis for infective endocarditis is evolving. In contrast with past guidelines, it is currently recommended for only a few conditions. SN - PB - The McGraw-Hill Companies CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=56625810 ER -