TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Fluids and Acid-Base Management A1 - Saynhalath, Rita A2 - Ellinas, Herodotos A2 - Matthes, Kai A2 - Alrayashi, Walid A2 - Bilge, Aykut PY - 2021 T2 - Clinical Pediatric Anesthesiology AB - FOCUS POINTSThe Holliday-Segar formula, known as the “4-2-1” rule, is used to calculate the rate of maintenance fluids.There is a wide variety of intravenous fluids that can be used as maintenance fluids and it is important to know their composition to select the adequate one depending on the patient’s comorbid condition and the surgical procedure.Important formulas to remember when taking care of pediatric patients include the estimated blood volume and allowable blood loss formulas.Adverse reactions to blood transfusions include non-immune-mediated and immune-mediated reactions.The acid-base balance in the body is regulated by the lungs and the kidneys, via buffer systems.It is essential to be able to interpret the results of an arterial blood gas to diagnose acidosis or alkalosis and differentiate between a metabolic or respiratory etiology. SN - PB - McGraw Hill CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/10/05 UR - accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1176457555 ER -