TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Evolution of Anesthesiology as a Clinical Discipline: A Lesson in Developing Professionalism
A1  - Nguyen, Raisa D.
A1  - Bacon, Douglas R.
A2  - Longnecker, David E.
A2  - Mackey, Sean C.
A2  - Newman, Mark F.
A2  - Sandberg, Warren S.
A2  - Zapol, Warren M.
PY  - 2017
T2  - Anesthesiology, 3e
AB  - KEY  POINTSThe  history  of  anesthesiology  is  an  interesting  and  complicated  story  of  professionals  seeking  to  understand  the  anesthetic  state  and  to  safely  anesthetize  patients.Shortly  after  the  first  public  demonstration  of  ether  anesthesia  on  October  16,  1846,  by  William  Thomas  Green  Morton,  the  news  spread  across  the  world.  Initially,  anesthetics  were  administered  based  on  written  descriptions  in  the  lay  press.London  physician  John  Snow  worked  out  the  physics  of  vaporization  of  volatile  agents  by  observation  of  ether  and  chloroform  and  used  this  information  to  design  vaporizers  and  anesthetic  techniques  that  were  safer  for  the  patient.The  first  professional  organization  devoted  to  anesthesia  was  the  London  Society  of  Anaesthetists,  founded  on  May  30,  1893.  The  first  similar  group  in  the  United  States  was  the  Long  Island  Society  organized  by  Adolph  Frederick  Erdmann  on  October  6,  1905.  This  eventually  became  the  American  Society  of  Anesthesiologists.Francis  Hoffer  McMechan  organized  professional  anesthesia  in  1912  by  helping  to  create  the  first  national  organization,  the  Associated  Anesthetists  of  America,  and  went  on  to  found  several  national  and  international  organizations,  of  which  the  International  Anesthesia  Research  Society  (IARS)  remains  active.  He  was  the  founding  editor  of  the  first  journal  in  the  world  devoted  to  the  specialty,  Current  Researches  in  Anesthesia  and  Analgesia,  which  is  currently  published  as  Anesthesia  and  Analgesia.Ralph  Waters  is  credited  with  founding  the  first  academic  department  of  anesthesia  at  the  University  of  Wisconsin  in  1927.  Much  of  the  current  residency  structure  comes  from  this  seminal  department.  This  helped  establish  the  specialty  on  an  equal  footing  with  other  medical  specialties.John  Lundy  at  the  Mayo  Clinic  organized  the  Anaesthetists  Travel  Club,  whose  members  were  the  leading  young  anesthetists  of  the  United  States  and  Canada.  These  individuals  helped  create  the  American  Board  of  Anesthesiology  (ABA),  which  defined  what  it  meant  to  be  an  anesthesiologist  in  the  United  States.The  need  for  specialists  in  World  War  II  exposed  a  large  number  of  young  physicians  and  nurses  to  anesthetic  practice.  After  the  war,  physicians  returned  and  helped  create  the  tremendous  growth  of  anesthesiology  in  the  1950s-1960s,  while  the  nurses  greatly  expanded  nurse  anesthesia.In  the  mid-1950s,  the  World  Federation  of  Societies  of  Anesthesiologists  (WFSA)  was  formed,  which  culminated  from  a  dream  that  began  in  the  late  1930s.  The  WFSA  made  it  possible  for  nations  with  a  long  tradition  of  physician  specialization  in  anesthesia  to  help  train  practitioners  and  introduce  the  specialty  to  new  countries.In  the  1980s,  the  Anesthesia  Patient  Safety  Foundation  (APSF)  and  the  Foundation  for  Anesthesia  Education  and  Research  (FAER)  were  created.  They  are  additional  examples  of  the  professionalism  demonstrated  by  physician  leaders  throughout  anesthesiology’s  history.  These  organizations  work  to  create  a  safe  anesthetic  environment  and  to  support  educational  and  research  efforts  in  the  specialty.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/16
UR  - accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1144110741
ER  -