TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Pediatric Anesthesia: Equipment A1 - Ved, Sudha A2 - Freeman, Brian S. A2 - Berger, Jeffrey S. PY - 2016 T2 - Anesthesiology Core Review: Part Two Advanced Exam AB - The delivery of a precise and safe mixture of oxygen and anesthetic gases to a pediatric patient, followed by the removal of carbon dioxide (CO2), presents unique challenges. Important issues to consider are the size of the child (from a 1000-g newborn to a 100-kg adolescent), the means of providing humidity and preventing heat loss, apparatus dead space, resistance, and work of breathing, and preventing rebreathing. Since 1998, the biggest advance in pediatric anesthesia has been the replacement of Mapleson and traditional circle breathing systems with the new anesthesia workstations. The modern anesthesia machine is able to precisely deliver small tidal volumes (TVs) accurately by compensating for breathing circuit compliance and changes in fresh gas flow with ventilators that can precisely deliver small volumes at high rates. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1135741950 ER -