TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Chapter 13. Obstructive Sleep Apnea A1 - Lin, Edward C. A2 - Atchabahian, Arthur A2 - Gupta, Ruchir Y1 - 2013 N1 - T2 - The Anesthesia Guide AB - Syndrome characterized by sleep-induced relaxation of pharyngeal muscle tone leading to upper airway obstructionRisk factors include obesity, tonsillar hypertrophy, craniofacial abnormalities (e.g., micrognathia), ingestion of alcohol/sedatives, male gender, and middle ageSigns and symptoms: snoring, observed apnea during sleep, daytime somnolence, difficulty concentrating, morning headacheAssociated findings may include episodic hypoxemia, hypercarbia, polycythemia, hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, RV failure“Gold standard” test is polysomnographySeverity may be measured by the apnea/hypopnea index (AHI), the number of apneic or hypopneic events per hour:Mild—5–20Moderate—21–40Severe—>40Treatment is essentially medical (nasal CPAP) and reduces the incidence and severity of CV complications. Surgical treatment (UPPP, turbinectomy, septoplasty, etc.) is only an adjuvant SN - PB - The McGraw-Hill Companies CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=57260413 ER -