TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Chapter 73. The Pathophysiology of Critical Illness A1 - Bigatello, Luca M. A1 - Hellman, Judith A1 - Beutler, Sascha A1 - Zapol, Warren M. A2 - Longnecker, David E. A2 - Brown, David L. A2 - Newman, Mark F. A2 - Zapol, Warren M. Y1 - 2012 N1 - T2 - Anesthesiology, 2e AB - Acute injuries of various etiologies (eg, trauma, infection, shock, etc) cause immediate local and systemic physiologic responses involving all major organ systems.The timing and intensity of the physiologic response to injury is affected by the severity of the injury as well as host factors. An initial activation of the proinflammatory immune responses may be followed by late immunosuppression.Nosocomial infections are a major cause of death of critically ill patients and can be reduced by adopting best practices of infection control.The vascular endothelium is a major organ target of the initial response to injury that activates vasomotor, inflammatory, and procoagulant cascades.Our increased understanding of the molecular biology of the immune response to injury will hopefully lead to new and effective therapies that may include oxygen or nitrogen free-radical scavenging, mitochondrial protection, prevention of apoptosis, and enhancement of the immune response. SN - PB - The McGraw-Hill Companies CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/10/04 UR - accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=56651625 ER -