TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Chapter 20. Epicardial Echocardiography and Epiaortic Ultrasonography
A1  - Shernan, Stanton K.
A1  - Glas, Kathryn E.
A2  - Mathew, Joseph P.
A2  - Swaminathan, Madhav
A2  - Ayoub, Chakib M.
Y1  - 2010
N1  - 
T2  - Clinical Manual and Review of Transesophageal Echocardiography, 2e
AB  - Despite  its  overwhelming  popularity  and  favorable  influence  on  perioperative  clinical  decision  making  and  outcome,  the  transesophageal  echocardiographic  (TEE)  approach  to  a  comprehensive  echocardiographic  examination  may  be  limited  by  impaired  imaging  of  the  distal  ascending  aorta  and  aortic  arch,  difficulty  in  advancing  the  probe  within  the  esophagus  in  some  patients,  and  contraindications  for  probe  placement  in  those  with  gastroesophageal  pathology.  Furthermore,  TEE  may  be  rarely  associated  with  perioperative  morbidity  from  oropharyngeal  and  gastroesophageal  injury.1,2  In  recognition  of  these  potential  limitations,  the  Society  of  Cardiovascular  Anesthesiologists  (SCA),  American  Society  of  Anesthesiologists  (ASA),  and  American  Society  of  Echocardiography  (ASE)  currently  recommend  that  advanced  intraoperative  ultrasonographers  also  become  familiar  with  epicardial  echocardiography  and  epiaortic  ultrasound  in  addition  to  TEE.3,4  The  ASE  and  SCA  have  subsequently  published  guidelines  specifically  focused  on  acquisition  techniques  and  indications  for  both  epicardial  echocardiography  and  epiaortic  ultrasonography.5,6  Thus,  while  TEE  remains  the  most  frequently  used  intraoperative  tool  for  imaging  cardiac  and  intrathoracic  vascular  structures,  it  is  imperative  for  an  experienced  intraoperative  ultrasonogapher  to  also  be  familiar  with  other  imaging  modalities  including  epicardial  echocardiographic  and  epiaortic  ultrasound  techniques  in  order  to  conduct  a  comprehensive  perioperative  echocardiographic  examination.  
SN  - 
PB  - The McGraw-Hill Companies
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/23
UR  - accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=6919682
ER  -