TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Chapter 48. Equipment for Continuous Peripheral Nerve Blocks
A1  - Evans, Holly
A1  - Nielsen, Karen C.
A1  - Greengrass, Roy A.
A1  - Steele, Susan M.
A2  - Hadzic, Admir
Y1  - 2007
N1  - 
T2  - NYSORA Textbook of Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management
AB  - Continuous  peripheral  nerve  blocks  (CPNBs)  provide  many  advantages  in  the  perioperative  period.1  These  techniques  provide  the  flexibility  to  prolong  intraoperative  anesthesia  while  avoiding  the  risks  and  side  effects  of  general  anesthesia.  After  surgery,  CPNBs  offer  extended  postoperative  analgesia.  When  compared  with  parenteral  opioid  analgesia,  CPNBs  are  associated  with  superior  analgesia,  reduced  opioid  consumption,  and  decreased  opioid-related  side  effects  such  as  postoperative  nausea  and  vomiting,  sedation,  and  respiratory  depression.2–12  Analgesia  results  are  of  a  quality  similar  to  epidural  anesthesia  results;  however,  CPNBs  are  associated  with  less  hypotension,  urinary  retention,  pruritus,  and  mobility  restrictions  than  epidural  analgesia.8,13–15  There  is  also  evidence  supporting  the  beneficial  effect  of  CPNBs  on  postoperative  sleep  patterns  and  cognitive  function16,17  as  well  as  early  rehabilitation.8,9  Concurrent  sympathectomy  is  ideal  after  microvascular  surgery,  reimplantation,  and  free-flap  surgery18,19  as  well  as  for  treatment  of  accidental  intraarterial  drug  injection.20–22  Extended  analgesia  can  also  be  provided  for  chronic  pain  patients23  and  those  requiring  palliation  of  terminal  illness.24  Despite  these  benefits,  CPNBs  have  historically  been  relatively  underused  techniques.  These  reasons  for  the  underutilization  were  multifactorial;  however,  inadequate  CPNB  equipment  likely  contributed.  Until  recently,  there  had  been  few  commercially  available  equipment  items  dedicated  for  CPNBs.  A  number  of  relatively  new  advances  in  the  area  of  CPNB  needles  and  catheters  have  been  essential  for  the  safe  use  and  advancement  of  these  regional  anesthesia  techniques.  This  chapter  summarizes  the  chronology  of  the  development  of  CPNB  equipment,  outlines  currently  available  equipment,  and  theorizes  about  possible  future  directions.  
SN  - 
PB  - The McGraw-Hill Companies
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/16
UR  - accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=3504324
ER  -