TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Lipid-Derived Autacoids: Eicosanoids and Platelet-Activating Factor A1 - Ricciotti, Emanuela A1 - Grosser, Tilo A1 - FitzGerald, Garret A. A2 - Brunton, Laurence L. A2 - Knollmann, Björn C. Y1 - 2023 N1 - T2 - Goodman & Gilman's: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 14th Edition AB - Membrane lipids supply the substrate for the synthesis of eicosanoids and platelet-activating factor (PAF). Arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites, including PGs (prostaglandins), PGI2 (prostacyclin), TxA2 (thromboxane A2), LTs (leukotrienes), and epoxygenase products of cytochromes P450 (CYP)s, collectively the eicosanoids, are not stored but are produced by most cells when a variety of physical, chemical, and hormonal stimuli activate acyl hydrolases that make arachidonate available for further metabolism. Membrane glycerophosphocholine derivatives can be modified enzymatically to produce PAF. PAF is formed by a smaller number of cell types, principally leukocytes, platelets, and endothelial cells. Eicosanoids and PAF lipids function as signaling molecules in many biological processes, including the regulation of vascular tone, renal function, hemostasis, parturition, gastrointestinal (GI) mucosal integrity, and stem cell function. They are also important mediators of innate immunity and inflammation. Several classes of drugs, most notably NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) (see Chapter 42), including aspirin, owe their principal therapeutic effects—relief of inflammatory pain and antipyresis—to blockade of PG formation. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1194859593 ER -