TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Pre-procedure Medications A1 - Reece-Stremtan, Sarah A1 - Abdallah, Claude A2 - Ellinas, Herodotos A2 - Matthes, Kai A2 - Alrayashi, Walid A2 - Bilge, Aykut Y1 - 2021 N1 - T2 - Clinical Pediatric Anesthesiology AB - FOCUS POINTSPreoperative oral midazolam reduces perioperative anxiety and provides anterograde amnesia within 10 minutes of administration.Ketamine provides good sedation and analgesia while preserving upper airway muscular tone and respiratory drive. The intramuscular (IM) route of administration is very useful for children who are uncooperative, refuse oral medications, and become combative.Fentanyl can be administered intranasally to provide both pain relief and sedation prior to a procedure.Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective alpha-2 agonist that can be given intranasally with ease of separation from parents for most patients at 30 minutes after administration.Topical preparations of local anesthetics can alleviate pain due to venipuncture or intravenous (IV) catheter insertion. SN - PB - McGraw Hill CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1176457466 ER -