TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy A1 - Bissonnette, Bruno A1 - Luginbuehl, Igor A1 - Engelhardt, Thomas Y1 - 2019 N1 - T2 - Syndromes: Rapid Recognition and Perioperative Implications, 2e AB - Inherited and progressive myopathy affecting boys. Affected individuals present with muscular, respiratory, and cardiac disease. The cardiac and orthopedic complications (ie, scoliosis) are present in most cases. The presence of myotonia/hypotonia usually begins around the age of four in boys and worsens rapidly. The muscle groups affected are typically upper legs and pelvis followed by the upper arms. Young boys affected are unable to walk by the age of 12 years. Death usually occurs in the twenties due to respiratory muscle weakness or cardiomyopathy. Intellectual disability is often associated. Females may show mild symptoms but maintain a normal life expectancy. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1164068418 ER -