TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Normal Chamber Dimensions A1 - Mathew, Joseph P. A1 - Nicoara, Alina A1 - Ayoub, Chakib M. A1 - Swaminathan, Madhav Y1 - 2018 N1 - T2 - Clinical Manual and Review of Transesophageal Echocardiography, 3e AB - Table Graphic Jump Location|Download (.pdf)|PrintStructureMeasurementViewDimension (cm)*ChambersLeft atrium†Diameter (A)ME 4 CH or ME 2 CH3.0–4.0 ♂2.7–3.8 ♀Right atrium‡Minor axis (B)ME 4 CH1.9±0.3Left ventricle§Wall thickness (septal) (C)TGmidSAX0.6–0.9Wall thickness inferolateral(D)TGmidSAX0.6–.0Diameter (E)ME 2 CH or TG 2 CH4.2–5.84 ♂3.78–5.22 ♀Right ventricleBasal diameter (F)ME 4 CH2.5–4.1Mid-diameter (G)ME 4 CH1.9–3.5Length (H)ME 4 CH5.9–8.3Wall thickness (I)ME 4 CH or RV inflow-outflow0.1–0.5Tracts/VesselsRight ventricular outflowRVOT diameter (below PV) (J)ME AV SAX or RV inflow-outflow2.1–3.5RVOT diameter (above PV) (K)ME AV SAX or RV inflow-outflow1.7–3.7Aortic root‖Sinus of Valsalva (L)ME AV LAX3.4±0.3 ♂3.0±0.3 ♀Pulmonary artery¶Diameter (M)RV inflow-outflow2.23–3.32Inferior vena cava#DiameterME 4 CH (modified)1.5–2.5*All dimensions are adapted from the ASE guidelines1 and include the normal ranges for adult men and women.†Left atrium (LA): The LA diameter cannot be reliably measured with TEE. Multiple views are recommended to obtain the diameter.‡Right atrium (RA): The RA should be measured from its lateral border to the interatrial septum. The TEE probe should be rotated slightly toward the right from the ME 4 CH view to obtain optimal views of the RA.§Left ventricle (LV): The diameter of the LV should be measured at end diastole in the two-chamber views to avoid foreshortening.‖Aortic root: Normal dimensions of the aortic root, LV outflow tract, and aortic annulus are highly variable and dependent on body size. Standardized nomograms have been published elsewhere.2 These values represent ranges in aortic root diameter measured at the level of the sinus of Valsalva in individuals above 40 years.¶Pulmonary artery (PA): There are no standardized TEE views for measuring the PA diameter. These values are adapted from the transthoracic parasternal short-axis view.#Inferior vena cava (IVC): There are no standardized TEE views for measuring the IVC diameter. The IVC may be measured 1 to 2 cm from its junction from the RA by rotating the TEE probe toward the right and withdrawing slightly from the ME 4 CH view and following the IVC into the hepatic parenchyma. For accuracy, this measurement should be made perpendicular to the IVC long axis. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/19 UR - accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1171728594 ER -