TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Multimodal Analgesia: Pharmacologic Interventions and Prevention of Persistent Postoperative Pain
A1  - Young, Adam C.
A1  - Buvanendran, Asokumar
A2  - Hadzic, Admir
Y1  - 2017
N1  - 
T2  - Hadzic's Textbook of Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management, 2e
AB  - Multimodal  analgesia  was  popularized  in  1993  by  Kehlet  and  Dahl  and  described  as  “combined  analgesic  regimens”  in  order  to  achieve  “sufficient  analgesia  due  to  additive  or  synergistic  effects  between  different  analgesics,  with  concomitant  reduction  of  side  effects.”1  Through  the  past  20  years,  many  patients  have  benefitted  from  practical  implementation  of  this  concept.  By  modulating  multiple  receptor-ligand  systems  involved  in  the  transduction  and  sensation  of  pain,  we  have  also  appreciated  the  ability  for  certain  agents  to  reduce  acute  postoperative  pain  and,  therefore,  reduce  the  incidence  of  persistent  postsurgical  pain.  Several  individual  medications  have  been  identified,  although  precise  dosage,  timing,  and  route  of  administration  have  yet  to  be  completely  understood.  Additionally,  there  are  techniques  available,  which  if  used  in  the  perioperative  phase,  may  prevent  development  of  chronic  pain  after  surgery.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/19
UR  - accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1141738410
ER  -