TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit A1 - Hsieh, S. Jean A2 - Oropello, John M. A2 - Pastores, Stephen M. A2 - Kvetan, Vladimir Y1 - 1 N1 - T2 - Critical Care AB - KEY POINTSICU delirium is a common form of acute “brain failure” that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Delirium has a dose response relationship with poor outcomes: the longer the delirium duration, the poorer the outcome.Delirium can be missed in up to 75% of patients if a screening tool is not used, likely because of the high prevalence of hypoactive delirium.Early diagnosis of delirium is imperative for effective delivery of delirium reduction strategies. Therefore, delirium assessments should be part of the ICU admission physical exam and should be incorporated into the daily work-flow.ICU-acquired risk factors for delirium (eg, oversedation, immobilization, uncontrolled pain) are potentially modifiable and closely interrelated. Implementation of nonpharmacologic multicomponent strategies to prevent and reduce delirium on an ICU-wide scale (eg, targeted light/no sedation, early rehabilitation) can shorten the duration of ICU delirium and improve clinical outcomes.Pharmacologic prevention and treatment of delirium (eg, dexmedetomidine over benzodiazepines for sedation) can be considered for individual patients, although the efficacy of these strategies is still unclear. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/10/08 UR - accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1136416382 ER -