TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Neuromuscular Blocking Agents
A1  - Aniskevich, Stephen
A1  - Brull, Sorin J.
A1  - Naguib, Mohamed
A2  - Johnson, Ken B.
PY  - 2015
T2  - Clinical Pharmacology for Anesthesiology
AB  - Neuromuscular  blocking  agents  (NMBAs)  were  first  “discovered”  by  the  native  Indian  populations  of  South  America  and  were  used  for  hunting  game.  They  called  their  plant-based  concoction  “ourari,”  which  was  later  interpreted  as  “curare”  by  the  early  European  explorers.  The  use  of  neuromuscular  relaxants  in  medicine,  however,  would  have  to  wait  until  the  mid-1800s,  when  Dr  Louis  Sayres  of  New  York  attempted  to  treat  the  spasms  associated  with  tetanus  with  a  rudimentary  curare  preparation  (Chapter  10).  The  first  successful  use  of  curare  during  surgery  was  described  by  Dr  Arthur  Lawen  in  1912;  however,  it  would  take  an  additional  30  years  of  further  refinement  in  anesthesia  methodology,  notably  improved  tracheal  intubation  techniques,  before  Drs  Harold  Griffith  and  Enid  Johnson  demonstrated  successful  and  safe  use  of  curare  in  surgery  and  anesthesia.  After  their  groundbreaking  work,  research  into  NMBAs  led  to  the  development  and  purification  of  several  different  neuromuscular  agents.  Of  the  modern  neuromuscular  agents  still  in  clinical  use,  succinylcholine  was  first  synthesized  in  1906,  but  its  clinical  effect  was  not  recognized  until  1949.  Pancuronium  was  manufactured  in  1964,  and  further  research  to  lessen  its  side-effect  profile  led  to  the  development  of  vecuronium  in  1979.  More  recently,  mivacurium  and  rocuronium  became  available  for  clinical  use  in  the  early  1990s.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/19
UR  - accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1103963603
ER  -