TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Chapter 51. Neuroanesthesia
A1  - Avitsian, Rafi
A1  - Farag, Ehab
A2  - Longnecker, David E.
A2  - Brown, David L.
A2  - Newman, Mark F.
A2  - Zapol, Warren M.
PY  - 2012
T2  - Anesthesiology, 2e
AB  - The  most  important  anatomic  and  physiologic  characteristic  of  the  cranium  is  its  closed  system.  In  order  to  provide  adequate  blood  flow,  the  volume  of  the  brain,  the  brain's  interstitium,  and  cerebrospinal  fluid  should  not  increase.Cerebral  blood  flow  (CBF)  and  cerebral  blood  volume  are  separate  but  related  entities.  Maintaining  adequate  CBF  is  important  for  neurons,  but  high  CBF  can  increase  the  intracranial  pressure.Anesthesiologists  can  manipulate  CBF  by  changing  the  factors  controlling  it,  namely  PaCO2,  PaO2,  autoregulation,  cerebral  metabolic  rate,  and  the  autonomic  nervous  system.The  management  of  most  neurosurgical  procedures  requires  invasive  and  specialized  monitoring  methods  that  can  give  information  about  blood  supply,  oxygen  utilization,  and  electrical  activity  of  the  brain  and  spinal  cord.Maintaining  the  proper  cerebral  perfusion  pressure  and  proper  surgical  conditions  are  the  most  important  key  point  for  anesthetic  management  during  supratentorial  and  infratentorial  craniotomies.Both  secreting  and  nonsecreting  pituitary  tumors  can  cause  significant  changes  in  the  function  of  all  organ  systems,  which  affects  the  perioperative  care  of  patients  undergoing  surgical  procedures.Intracranial  aneurysms  and  arteriovenous  malformations  are  the  2  main  intracranial  vascular  abnormalities,  each  of  which  has  special  characteristics  requiring  specific  perioperative  care.Interventional  neuroradiology  is  a  new  specialty  for  the  nonsurgical  management  of  cerebral  aneurysms  and  arteriovenous  malformations.  Understanding  interventional  neuroradiological  techniques  and  ensuring  hemodynamic  stability  are  the  most  important  points  during  anesthetic  management.The  shunt  and  neuroendoscopy  for  obstructive  hydrocephalus  might  cause  hemodynamic  problems  such  as  severe  bradycardia  and  surgical  problems  like  hemorrhage  and  massive  increase  in  intracranial  pressure.The  prone  position  during  spine  surgery  is  accompanied  by  a  decrease  in  cardiac  index.  The  upper  airway  management  for  cervical  spine  surgery  needs  meticulous  attention  to  maintain  the  neutral  position  during  intubation  and  positioning.  The  main  causes  for  postoperative  visual  loss  after  spine  surgery  are  hypotension,  anemia,  and  massive  face  edema.  
SN  - 
PB  - The McGraw-Hill Companies
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/19
UR  - accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=56640620
ER  -