TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Dialysis and Hemofiltration A1 - Freeman, Brian S. A1 - Berger, Jeffrey S. PY - 2024 T2 - Anesthesiology Core Review: Part Two ADVANCED Exam, 2nd Edition AB - In the United States, there are now approximately 530 000 patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The incidence rate is 350 cases per million per year; however, it is disproportionately higher in African Americans, 1000 per million per year. Diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of ESRD, accounting for 55% of newly diagnosed cases each year. In addition, hypertension causes about 33% of newly diagnosed cases; other causes include glomerulonephritis, polycystic kidney disease, and obstructive uropathy. In the United States, the mortality rate of patients on dialysis is 18%–20% per year with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 30%–35%. These deaths are mainly due to cardiovascular disease (50%) or infection (15%). Older age, male sex, nonblack race, diabetes mellitus, malnutrition, and underlying heart disease are all predictors of mortality in these patients. SN - PB - McGraw Hill CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/10/05 UR - accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1206857722 ER -