TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Local Anesthetics A1 - Freeman, Brian S. A1 - Berger, Jeffrey S. PY - 2024 T2 - Anesthesiology Core Review: Part One: BASIC Exam, 2nd Edition AB - Local anesthetics are used to provide intraoperative regional anesthesia and postoperative analgesia. Synthesized from the coca plant in 1860, cocaine was the first local anesthetic adapted for clinical use. Although quite effective, cocaine has significant limitations. It has addictive potential, can irritate nerves, and is still the only local anesthetic capable of blocking norepinephrine reuptake at postganglionic sympathetic nerve terminals. The introduction of lidocaine in 1948 began the modern era of local anesthetics. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/10/15 UR - accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1204766879 ER -