TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Cell Envelope Disruptors: β-Lactam, Glycopeptide, and Lipopeptide Antibacterials A1 - MacDougall, Conan A2 - Brunton, Laurence L. A2 - Knollmann, Björn C. PY - 2023 T2 - Goodman & Gilman's: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 14th Edition AB - The bacterial cellular envelope typically consists of the inner membrane, the cell wall, and, in gram-negative organisms, the outer membrane. The cell envelope is a key target for antibacterial agents, including the β-lactam antibiotics, glycopeptides, and lipopeptides, as well as other minor classes (including bacitracin, discussed below, and polymyxins, discussed in Chapter 59). β-Lactam antibiotics—penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, and monobactams—share a common structure (β-lactam ring) and mechanism of action (i.e., inhibition of the synthesis of the bacterial peptidoglycan cell wall). β-Lactams are the single most important antibacterial class given their broad and varied spectrum of activity, their potent antibacterial killing, and their generally favorable tolerability. Unfortunately, resistance to β-lactams has steadily increased, requiring development of new agents, which can evade (e.g., ceftaroline) or neutralize (e.g., β-lactamase inhibitors) these mechanisms. The glycopeptides, including vancomycin, and lipopeptides (daptomycin) provide important treatment alternatives for infections due to gram-positive organisms. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1193239063 ER -