TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Disposition of Injectate with Common Regional Anesthesia Techniques
A1  - Gautier, Philippe
A2  - Hadzic, Admir
PY  - 2017
T2  - Hadzic's Textbook of Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management, 2e
AB  - The  outcome  of  regional  anesthesia  technique  is  ultimately  dependent  on  the  distribution  of  the  local  anesthetic  in  the  relevant  tissue  space  that  contains  the  nerve(s)  of  interest.  Prior  to  the  introduction  of  ultrasound  in  regional  anesthesia,  our  understanding  of  the  disposition  of  the  local  anesthetic  had  been  limited  due  to  the  lack  of  technology  that  could  allow  such  monitoring.  This  addendum  features  studies  of  computed  tomographic  (CT)  images  that  we  painstakingly  acquired  by  the  author  over  a  period  of  nearly  2  decades  in  attempt  to  elucidate  the  disposition  of  local  anesthetic  injections  with  nerve  block  injections  and  their  relationship  to  the  outcome  of  regional  anesthesia.  The  maldistribution  of  local  anesthetic  associated  with  block  failures  and/or  complications  due  to  the  spillage  of  local  anesthetic  to  the  undesired  places,  such  as,  for  example,  the  phrenic  nerv  and  neuraxial  space  are  also  demonstrated.  A  uniquely  educational  aspect  of  these  images  is  the  relationship  of  the  volume  of  the  injectate  and  its  physical  spread  in  the  tissue  spaces.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/16
UR  - accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1141730324
ER  -