++
Pathologic fractures. Electrolyte disturbances,
especially involving calcium and phosphate.
++
Calciferol Osteomalacia; Idiopathic Pseudofracture; Looser
Syndrome; Looser Zones; Looser-Debray-Milkman Syndrome;
Osteoporosis-Osteomalacia Syndrome.
++
++
Very old names for severe vitamin D deficiency.
This can lead to decreased intestinal absorption of calcium and secondary
hyperparathyroidism.
++
Electrolytes should be carefully
screened, especially calcium and phosphate, and corrected before anesthesia.
Careful positioning of the osteopenic patient is necessary to prevent
pathologic bone fractures. There is no evidence that a specific anesthetic
drug or technique has advantages over any other. The response to the
neuromuscular blocking drugs may be unpredictable.
Barash PG, Cullen BF, Stoelting RK: Clinical Anesthesia. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams
& Wilkins, 2001.