Highly variable, but characterized by GnRH
deficiency with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, delayed incomplete or absent puberty, short
stature, and smelling deficiencies. Neurosensory hearing loss and mild
mental retardation have been reported, but the majority of these patients
have normal intelligence. Choanal atresia and cleft palate and/or lip
are other common features. Renal anomalies include unilateral renal agenesis
and cryptorchidism in males. Infertility, erectile dysfunction, and decreased libido are
common in untreated patients. Most patients have normal lifespan. Kallmann syndrome is
occasionally associated with congenital heart diseases (atrial and ventricular septal
defects, transposition of the great arteries, Ebstein anomaly, aortic arch anomalies, but
also atrioventricular block, bundle branch blocks, and even Wolff-Parkinson-White
syndrome).