Sections View Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Annotate Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Supplementary Content ++Table Graphic Jump Location|Download (.pdf)|PrintPreoperative Fasting GuidelinesMinimum fasting timeMaterial ingested2 hClear liquids (e.g., water, fruit juice without pulp, soda, tea without milk, black coffee)4 hBreast milk6 hInfant formulaNonhuman milkLight meal (e.g., tea and toast)>6 hIntake of fried/fatty foods may delay gastric emptying.The individual practitioner should consider this and make a determination of the appropriate fasting period++ In addition to the above guidelines, practitioners must also take into consideration factors that may prolong gastric emptying (e.g., emergent procedure, pregnancy, diabetes, hiatal hernia, GERD, ileus, bowel obstruction, obesity [controversial])There is no evidence that smoking one cigarette prior to surgery increases the risk of aspirationIt is generally accepted that trauma or acute illness slows gastric emptying. These patients are considered “full stomach” even if >8 hours have elapsed since the last meal ++1. American Society of Anesthesiologists Committee. Practice guidelines for preoperative fasting and the use of pharmacologic agents to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration: application to healthy patients undergoing elective procedures: an updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Committee on Standards and Practice Parameters. Anesthesiology. 2011;114(3):495–511. [PubMed: 21307770] Your MyAccess profile is currently affiliated with '[InstitutionA]' and is in the process of switching affiliations to '[InstitutionB]'. Please click ‘Continue’ to continue the affiliation switch, otherwise click ‘Cancel’ to cancel signing in. Get Free Access Through Your Institution Learn how to see if your library subscribes to McGraw Hill Medical products. Subscribe: Institutional or Individual Sign In Username Error: Please enter User Name Password Error: Please enter Password Forgot Username? Forgot Password? Sign in via OpenAthens Sign in via Shibboleth