Sections View Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Annotate Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Supplementary Content + Appendix G: Normal Doppler Echocardiography Values for Prosthetic Mitral Valves Download Section PDF Listen ++ | PrintValveSizePeak Gradient (mm Hg)Mean Gradient (mm Hg)Peak Velocity (m/s)Pressure Half-Time (ms)Effective Orifice Area (cm2)Biocor2713 ± 1Stentless bioprosthesis2914 ± 2.53111.5 ± 0.53312 ± 0.5Bioflo pericardial2510 ± 26.3 ± 1.52 ± 0.1Stented bioprosthesis279.5 ± 2.65.4 ± 1.22 ± 0.3295 ± 2.83.6 ± 12.4 ± 0.2314.02.02.3Bjork-Shiley231.7115Tilting disc2512 ± 46 ±21.75 ± 0.3899 ± 271.72 ± 0.62710 ± 45 ±21.6 ± 0.4989 ± 281.81 ± 0.54297.83 ± 2.932.83 ± 1.271.37 ± 0.2579 ± 172.1 ± 0.43316 ± 32 ± 1.91.41 ± 0.2670 ± 142.2 ± 0.3Bjork-Shiley monostrut235.01.9Tilting disc2513 ± 2.55.57 ± 2.31.8 ± 0.32712 ± 2.54.53 ± 2.21.7 ± 0.42913 ± 34.26 ± 1.61.6 ± 0.33114 ± 4.54.9 ± 1.61.7 ± 0.3Carbomedics231.9 ± 0.1126 ± 7Bileaflet2510.3 ± 2.33.6 ± 0.61.3 ± 0.193 ± 82.9 ± 0.8278.79 ± 3.463.46 ± 1.031.61 ± 0.389 ± 202.9 ± 0.75298.78 ± 2.93.39 ± 0.971.52 ± 0.388 ± 172.3 ± 0.4318.87 ± 2.343.32 ± 0.871.61 ± 0.2992 ± 242.8 ± 1.14338.8 ± 2.24.8 ± 2.51.5 ± 0.293 ± 12Carpentier- Edwards276 ± 21.7 ± 0.398 ± 28Stented bioprosthesis294.7 ± 21.76 ± 0.2792 ±14314.4 ± 21.54 ± 0.1592 ± 19336 ± 393 ± 12Carpentier- Edwards pericardial273.61.6100Stented Bioprosthesis295.25 ± 2.361.67 ± 0.3110 ± 15314.05 ± 0.831.53 ± 0.190 ± 11331.00.880Duromedics2713 ± 65 ± 31.61 ± 0.475 ± 12Bileaflet2910 ± 43 ± 11.40 ± 0.2585 ± 223110.5 ± 4.333.3 ± 1.361.38 ± 0.2781 ± 123311.22.585Hancock I or not specified2710 ± 45 ± 21.3 ± 0.8Stented bioprosthesis297 ± 32.46 ± 0.79115 ± 201.5 ± 0.2314 ± 0.864.86 ± 1.6995 ± 171.6 ± 0.2333 ± 23.87 ± 290 ± 121.9 ± 0.2Hancock II272.21 ± 0.14Stented bioprosthesis292.77 ± 0.11312.84 ± 0.1333.15 ± 0.22Hancock pericardial292.61 ± 1.391.42 ± 0.14105 ± 36Stented bioprosthesis313.57 ± 1.021.51 ± 0.2781 ± 23Ionescu-Shiley254.87 ± 1.081.43 ± 0.1593 ± 11Stented bioprosthesis273.21 ± 0.821.31 ± 0.24100 ± 28293.22 ± 0.571.38 ± 0.285 ± 8313.63 ± 0.91.45 ± 0.06100 ± 36Ionescu-Shiley low profile293.31 ± 0.961.36 ± 0.2580 ± 30Stented bioprosthesis312.74 ± 0.371.33 ± 0.1479 ± 15Labcor-Santiago pericardial258.74.5972.2275.6 ± 2.32.8 ± 1.585 ± 182.12 ± 0.48Stented bioprosthesis296.2 ± 2.13 ± 1.380 ± 342.11 ± 0.73Lillehei-Kaster181.7140Tilting disc201.767221.56 ± 0.0994 ± 22251.38 ± 0.27124 ± 46Medtronic-Hall271.478Tilting disc291.57 ± 0.169 ± 15311.45 ± 0.1277 ± 17Medtronic Intact Porcine293.5 ± 0.511.6 ± 0.22Stented bioprosthesis314.2 ± 1.441.6 ± 0.26334 ± 1.31.4 ± 0.24353.2 ± 1.771.3 ± 0.5Mitroflow256.92.090Stented bioprosthesis273.07 ± 0.911.590 ± 20293.5 ± 1.651.43 ± 0.29102 ± 21313.85 ± 0.811.32 ± 0.2691 ± 22Omnicarbon238.0Tilting disc256.05 ± 1.811.77 ± 0.24102 ± 16274.89 ± 2.051.63 ± 0.36105 ± 33294.93 ± 2.161.56 ± 0.27120 ± 40314.18 ± 1.41.3 ± 0.23134 ± 31334 ± 2On-X2511.5 ± 3.25.3 ± 2.11.9 ± 1.1Bileaflet27-2910.3 ± 4.54.5 ± 1.62.2 ± 0.531-339.8 ± 3.84.8 ± 2.42.5 ± 1.1Sorin Allcarbon2515 ± 35 ± 12 ± 0.2105 ± 292.2 ± 0.6Tilting disc2713 ± 24 ± 11.8 ± 0.189 ± 142.5 ± 0.52910 ± 24 ± 11.6 ± 0.285 ± 232.8 ± 0.7319 ±14 ±11.6 ± 0.188 ± 272.8 ± 0.9Sorin Bicarbon2515 ± 0.254 ± 0.51.95 ± 0.0270 ± 1Bileaflet2711 ± 2.754 ± 0.51.65 ± 0.2182 ± 202912 ± 34 ± 1.251.73 ± 0.2280 ± 143110 ± 1.54 ± 11.66 ± 0.1183 ± 14St Jude Medical234.01.51601.0Bileaflet252.5 ± 11.34 ± 1.1275 ± 41.35 ± 0.172711 ± 45 ± 1.821.61 ± 0.2975 ± 101.67 ± 0.172910 ± 34.15 ± 1.81.57 ± 0.2985 ± 101.75 ± 0.243112 ± 64.46 ± 2.221.59 ± 0.3374 ± 132.03 ± 0.32Starr-Edwards2610.01.4Caged ball287 ± 2.751.9 ± 0.573012.2 ± 4.66.99 ± 2.51.7 ± 0.3125 ± 251.65 ± 0.43211.5 ± 4.25.08 ± 2.51.7 ± 0.3110 ± 251.98 ± 0.4345.02.6Stentless quadrileaflet bovine pericardial262.2 ± 1.71.6103 ± 311.7Stentless bioprosthesis281.58 ± 0.251.7 ± 0.6301.42 ± 0.322.3 ± 0.4Wessex293.69 ± 0.611.66 ± 0.1783 ± 19Stented bioprosthesis313.31 ± 0.831.41 ± 0.2580 ± 21Zoghbi WA, Chambers JB, Dumesnil JG, et al. Recommendations for evaluation of prosthetic valves with echocardiography and doppler ultrasound: a report From the American Society of Echocardiography's Guidelines and Standards Committee and the Task Force on Prosthetic Valves, developed in conjunction with the American College of Cardiology Cardiovascular Imaging Committee, Cardiac Imaging Committee of the American Heart Association, the European Association of Echocardiography, a registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology, the Japanese Society of Echocardiography and the Canadian Society of Echocardiography, endorsed by the American College of Cardiology Foundation, American Heart Association, European Association of Echocardiography, a registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology, the Japanese Society of Echocardiography, and Canadian Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2009;22:975-1014.