Clinical Manual and Review of Transesophageal Echocardiography, 2e

Appendix G. Normal Doppler Echocardiography Values for Prosthetic Mitral Valves

Appendix G: Normal Doppler Echocardiography Values for Prosthetic Mitral Valves

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Valve

Size

Peak Gradient (mm Hg)

Mean Gradient (mm Hg)

Peak Velocity (m/s)

Pressure Half-Time (ms)

Effective Orifice Area (cm2)

Biocor

13 ± 1

Stentless bioprosthesis

14 ± 2.5

11.5 ± 0.5

12 ± 0.5

Bioflo pericardial

10 ± 2

6.3 ± 1.5

2 ± 0.1

Stented bioprosthesis

9.5 ± 2.6

5.4 ± 1.2

2 ± 0.3

5 ± 2.8

3.6 ± 1

2.4 ± 0.2

4.0

2.0

2.3

Bjork-Shiley

1.7

115

Tilting disc

12 ± 4

6 ±2

1.75 ± 0.38

99 ± 27

1.72 ± 0.6

10 ± 4

5 ±2

1.6 ± 0.49

89 ± 28

1.81 ± 0.54

7.83 ± 2.93

2.83 ± 1.27

1.37 ± 0.25

79 ± 17

2.1 ± 0.43

6 ± 3

2 ± 1.9

1.41 ± 0.26

70 ± 14

2.2 ± 0.3

Bjork-Shiley monostrut

5.0

1.9

Tilting disc

13 ± 2.5

5.57 ± 2.3

1.8 ± 0.3

12 ± 2.5

4.53 ± 2.2

1.7 ± 0.4

13 ± 3

4.26 ± 1.6

1.6 ± 0.3

14 ± 4.5

4.9 ± 1.6

1.7 ± 0.3

Carbomedics

1.9 ± 0.1

126 ± 7

Bileaflet

10.3 ± 2.3

3.6 ± 0.6

1.3 ± 0.1

93 ± 8

2.9 ± 0.8

8.79 ± 3.46

3.46 ± 1.03

1.61 ± 0.3

89 ± 20

2.9 ± 0.75

8.78 ± 2.9

3.39 ± 0.97

1.52 ± 0.3

88 ± 17

2.3 ± 0.4

8.87 ± 2.34

3.32 ± 0.87

1.61 ± 0.29

92 ± 24

2.8 ± 1.14

8.8 ± 2.2

4.8 ± 2.5

1.5 ± 0.2

93 ± 12

Carpentier- Edwards

6 ± 2

1.7 ± 0.3

98 ± 28

Stented bioprosthesis

4.7 ± 2

1.76 ± 0.27

92 ±14

4.4 ± 2

1.54 ± 0.15

92 ± 19

6 ± 3

93 ± 12

Carpentier- Edwards pericardial

3.6

1.6

100

Stented Bioprosthesis

5.25 ± 2.36

1.67 ± 0.3

110 ± 15

4.05 ± 0.83

1.53 ± 0.1

90 ± 11

1.0

0.8

Duromedics

13 ± 6

5 ± 3

1.61 ± 0.4

75 ± 12

Bileaflet

10 ± 4

3 ± 1

1.40 ± 0.25

85 ± 22

10.5 ± 4.33

3.3 ± 1.36

1.38 ± 0.27

81 ± 12

11.2

2.5

Hancock I or not specified

10 ± 4

5 ± 2

1.3 ± 0.8

Stented bioprosthesis

7 ± 3

2.46 ± 0.79

115 ± 20

1.5 ± 0.2

4 ± 0.86

4.86 ± 1.69

95 ± 17

1.6 ± 0.2

3 ± 2

3.87 ± 2

90 ± 12

1.9 ± 0.2

Hancock II

2.21 ± 0.14

Stented bioprosthesis

2.77 ± 0.11

2.84 ± 0.1

3.15 ± 0.22

Hancock pericardial

2.61 ± 1.39

1.42 ± 0.14

105 ± 36

Stented bioprosthesis

3.57 ± 1.02

1.51 ± 0.27

81 ± 23

Ionescu-Shiley

4.87 ± 1.08

1.43 ± 0.15

93 ± 11

Stented bioprosthesis

3.21 ± 0.82

1.31 ± 0.24

100 ± 28

3.22 ± 0.57

1.38 ± 0.2

85 ± 8

3.63 ± 0.9

1.45 ± 0.06

100 ± 36

Ionescu-Shiley low profile

3.31 ± 0.96

1.36 ± 0.25

80 ± 30

Stented bioprosthesis

2.74 ± 0.37

1.33 ± 0.14

79 ± 15

Labcor-Santiago pericardial

8.7

4.5

2.2

5.6 ± 2.3

2.8 ± 1.5

85 ± 18

2.12 ± 0.48

Stented bioprosthesis

6.2 ± 2.1

3 ± 1.3

80 ± 34

2.11 ± 0.73

Lillehei-Kaster

1.7

140

Tilting disc

1.7

1.56 ± 0.09

94 ± 22

1.38 ± 0.27

124 ± 46

Medtronic-Hall

1.4

Tilting disc

1.57 ± 0.1

69 ± 15

1.45 ± 0.12

77 ± 17

Medtronic Intact Porcine

3.5 ± 0.51

1.6 ± 0.22

Stented bioprosthesis

4.2 ± 1.44

1.6 ± 0.26

4 ± 1.3

1.4 ± 0.24

3.2 ± 1.77

1.3 ± 0.5

Mitroflow

6.9

2.0

Stented bioprosthesis

3.07 ± 0.91

1.5

90 ± 20

3.5 ± 1.65

1.43 ± 0.29

102 ± 21

3.85 ± 0.81

1.32 ± 0.26

91 ± 22

Omnicarbon

8.0

Tilting disc

6.05 ± 1.81

1.77 ± 0.24

102 ± 16

4.89 ± 2.05

1.63 ± 0.36

105 ± 33

4.93 ± 2.16

1.56 ± 0.27

120 ± 40

4.18 ± 1.4

1.3 ± 0.23

134 ± 31

4 ± 2

On-X

11.5 ± 3.2

5.3 ± 2.1

1.9 ± 1.1

Bileaflet

27-29

10.3 ± 4.5

4.5 ± 1.6

2.2 ± 0.5

31-33

9.8 ± 3.8

4.8 ± 2.4

2.5 ± 1.1

Sorin Allcarbon

15 ± 3

5 ± 1

2 ± 0.2

105 ± 29

2.2 ± 0.6

Tilting disc

13 ± 2

4 ± 1

1.8 ± 0.1

89 ± 14

2.5 ± 0.5

10 ± 2

4 ± 1

1.6 ± 0.2

85 ± 23

2.8 ± 0.7

9 ±1

4 ±1

1.6 ± 0.1

88 ± 27

2.8 ± 0.9

Sorin Bicarbon

15 ± 0.25

4 ± 0.5

1.95 ± 0.02

70 ± 1

Bileaflet

11 ± 2.75

4 ± 0.5

1.65 ± 0.21

82 ± 20

12 ± 3

4 ± 1.25

1.73 ± 0.22

80 ± 14

10 ± 1.5

4 ± 1

1.66 ± 0.11

83 ± 14

St Jude Medical

4.0

1.5

160

1.0

Bileaflet

2.5 ± 1

1.34 ± 1.12

75 ± 4

1.35 ± 0.17

11 ± 4

5 ± 1.82

1.61 ± 0.29

75 ± 10

1.67 ± 0.17

10 ± 3

4.15 ± 1.8

1.57 ± 0.29

85 ± 10

1.75 ± 0.24

12 ± 6

4.46 ± 2.22

1.59 ± 0.33

74 ± 13

2.03 ± 0.32

Starr-Edwards

10.0

1.4

Caged ball

7 ± 2.75

1.9 ± 0.57

12.2 ± 4.6

6.99 ± 2.5

1.7 ± 0.3

125 ± 25

1.65 ± 0.4

11.5 ± 4.2

5.08 ± 2.5

1.7 ± 0.3

110 ± 25

1.98 ± 0.4

5.0

2.6

Stentless quadrileaflet bovine pericardial

2.2 ± 1.7

1.6

103 ± 31

1.7

Stentless bioprosthesis

1.58 ± 0.25

1.7 ± 0.6

1.42 ± 0.32

2.3 ± 0.4

Wessex

3.69 ± 0.61

1.66 ± 0.17

83 ± 19

Stented bioprosthesis

3.31 ± 0.83

1.41 ± 0.25

80 ± 21

Zoghbi WA, Chambers JB, Dumesnil JG, et al. Recommendations for evaluation of prosthetic valves with echocardiography and doppler ultrasound: a report From the American Society of Echocardiography's Guidelines and Standards Committee and the Task Force on Prosthetic Valves, developed in conjunction with the American College of Cardiology Cardiovascular Imaging Committee, Cardiac Imaging Committee of the American Heart Association, the European Association of Echocardiography, a registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology, the Japanese Society of Echocardiography and the Canadian Society of Echocardiography, endorsed by the American College of Cardiology Foundation, American Heart Association, European Association of Echocardiography, a registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology, the Japanese Society of Echocardiography, and Canadian Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2009;22:975-1014.

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Appendix G. Normal Doppler Echocardiography Values for Prosthetic Mitral Valves

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Appendix G: Normal Doppler Echocardiography Values for Prosthetic Mitral Valves

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