Clinical Manual and Review of Transesophageal Echocardiography, 2e

Appendix F. Normal Doppler Echocardiographic Values for Prosthetic Aortic Valves

Appendix F: Normal Doppler Echocardiographic Values for Prosthetic Aortic Valves

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Valve

Size

Peak Gradient (mm Hg)

Mean Gradient (mm Hg)

Effective Orifice Area (cm2)

ATS

47.0 ± 12.6

25.3 ± 8.0

1.1 ± 0.3

Bileaflet

23.7 ± 6.8

15.9 ± 5.0

1.4 ± 0.5

14.4 ± 4.9

1.7 ± 0.5

11.3 ± 3.7

2.1 ± 0.7

8.4 ± 3.7

2.5 ± 0.1

8.0 ± 3.0

3.1 ± 0.8

ATS AP

21.0 ± 1.8

1.2 ± 0.3

Bileaflet

21.4 ± 4.2

11.1 ± 3.5

1.3 ± 0.3

18.7 ± 8.3

10.5 ± 4.5

1.7 ± 0.4

15.1 ± 5.6

7.5 ± 3.1

2.0 ± 0.6

6.0 ± 2.0

2.1 ± 0.4

Baxter Perimount

32.5 ± 8.5

19.5 ± 5.5

1.3 ± 0.2

Stented bovine pericardial

24.9 ± 7.7

13.8 ± 4.0

1.3 ± 0.3

19.9 ± 7.4

11.5 ± 3.9

1.6 ± 0.3

16.5 ± 7.8

10.7 ± 3.8

1.6 ± 0.4

12.8 ± 5.4

4.8 ± 2.2

2.0 ± 0.4

Biocor

30.0 ± 10.7

20 ± 6.6

1.3 ± 0.3

Stented porcine

23.0 ± 7.9

16 ± 5.1

1.7 ± 0.4

22.0 ± 6.5

15.0 ± 3.7

2.2 ± 0.4

Extended Biocor

19-21

17.5 ± 6.5

9.6 ± 3.6

1.4 ± 0.4

Stentless

14.7 ± 7.3

7.7 ± 3.8

1.7 ± 0.4

14.0 ± 4.3

7.4 ± 2.5

1.8 ± 0.4

Bioflo

37.2 ± 8.8

26.4 ± 5.5

0.7 ± 0.1

Stented bovine pericardial

28.7 ± 6.2

18.7 ± 5.5

1.1 ± 0.1

Bjork-Shiley

38.9 ± 11.9

21.8 ± 3.4

1.1 ± 0.3

Single tilting disc

28.8 ± 11.2

15.7 ± 5.3

1.3 ± 0.3

23.7 ± 8.2

13.0 ± 5.0

1.5 ± 0.4

10.0 ± 2.0

1.6 ± 0.3

Carbomedics Reduced

43.4 ± 1.2

24.4 ± 1.2

1.2 ± 0.1

Bileaflet

Carbomedics Standard

38.0 ± 12.8

18.9 ± 8.3

1.0 ± 0.3

Bileaflet

26.8 ± 10.1

12.9 ± 5.4

1.5 ± 0.4

22.5 ± 7.4

11.0 ± 4.6

1.4 ± 0.3

19.6 ± 7.8

9.1 ± 3.5

1.8 ± 0.4

17.5 ± 7.1

7.9 ± 3.2

2.2 ± 0.2

9.1 ± 4.7

5.6 ± 3.0

3.2 ± 1.6

Carbomedics Tophat

30.2 ± 10.9

14.9 ± 5.4

1.2 ± 0.3

Bileaflet

24.2 ± 7.6

12.5 ± 4.4

1.4 ± 0.4

9.5 ± 2.9

1.6 ± 0.32

Carpentier Edwards

32.1 ± 3.4

24.2 ± 8.6

1.2 ± 0.3

Pericardial

25.7 ± 9.9

20.3 ± 9.1

1.5 ± 0.4

Stented bovine pericardial

21.7 ± 8.6

13.0 ± 5.3

1.8 ± 0.3

16.5 ± 5.4

9.0 ± 2.3

Carpentier Edwards

43.5 ± 12.7

25.6 ± 8.0

0.9 ± 0.2

Standard

27.7 ± 7.6

17.3 ± 6.2

1.5 ± 0.3

Stented porcine

28.9 ± 7.5

16.1 ± 6.2

1.7 ± 0.5

24.0 ± 7.1

12.9 ± 4.6

1.9 ± 0.5

22.1 ± 8.2

12.1 ± 5.5

2.3 ± 0.6

9.9 ± 2.9

2.8 ± 0.5

Carpentier Supra-Annular

34.1 ± 2.7

1.1 ± 0.1

Stented porcine

28.0 ± 10.5

17.5 ± 3.8

1.4 ± 0.9

25.3 ± 10.5

13.4 ± 4.5

1.6 ± 0.6

24.4 ± 7.6

13.2 ± 4.8

1.8 ± 0.4

16.7 ± 4.7

8.8 ± 2.8

1.9 ± 0.7

Cryolife

9.0 ± 2.0

1.5 ± 0.3

Stentless

6.6 ± 2.9

1.7 ± 0.4

6.0 ± 2.3

2.3 ± 0.2

6.1 ± 2.6

2.6 ± 0.2

4.0 ± 2.4

2.8 ± 0.3

Edwards Duromedics

39.0 ± 13

Bileaflet

32.0 ± 8.0

26.0 ± 10.0

24.0 ± 10.0

Edwards Mira

18.2 ± 5.3

1.2 ± 0.4

Bileaflet

13.3 ± 4.3

1.6 ± 0.4

14.7 ± 2.8

1.6 ± 0.6

13.1 ± 3.8

1.9

Hancock

18.0 ± 6.0

12.0 ± 2.0

Stented porcine

16.0 ± 2.0

11.0 ± 2.0

15.0 ± 3.0

10.0 ± 3.0

Hancock II

14.8 ± 4.1

1.3 ± 0.4

Stented porcine

34.0 ± 13.0

16.6 ± 8.5

1.3 ± 0.4

22.0 ± 5.3

10.8 ± 2.8

1.6 ± 0.4

16.2 ± 1.5

8.2 ± 1.7

1.6 ± 0.2

Homograft

17-19

9.7 ± 4.2

4.2 ± 1.8

Homograft valves

19-21

5.4 ± 0.9

20-21

7.9 ± 4.0

3.6 ± 2.0

20-22

7.2 ± 3.0

3.5 ± 1.5

1.7 ± 0.3

5.8 ± 3.2

22-23

5.6 ± 3.1

2.6 ± 1.4

22-24

5.6 ± 1.7

24-27

6.2 ± 2.6

2.8 ± 1.1

1.4 ± 0.6

6.8 ± 2.9

25-28

6.2 ± 2.5

Intact

40.4 ± 15.4

24.5 ± 9.3

Stented porcine

40.9 ± 15.6

19.6 ± 8.1

1.6 ± 0.4

32.7 ± 9.6

19.0 ± 6.1

1.6 ± 0.4

29.7 ± 15.0

17.7 ± 7.9

1.7 ± 0.3

25.0 ± 7.6

15.0 ± 4.5

Ionescu-Shiley

23.8 ± 3.4

0.9 ± 0.1

Stented bovine pericardial

19.7 ± 5.9

13.3 ± 3.9

1.1 ± 0.1

26.6 ± 9.0

15.6 ± 4.4

Labcor Santiago

18.6 ± 5.0

11.8 ± 3.3

1.2 ± 0.1

Stented bovine pericardial

17.5 ± 6.6

8.2 ± 4.5

1.3 ± 0.1

14.8 ± 5.2

7.8 ± 2.9

1.8 ± 0.2

12.3 ± 3.4

6.8 ± 2.0

2.1 ± 0.3

Labcor Synergy

24.3 ± 8.1

13.3 ± 4.2

1.1 ± 0.3

Stented porcine

27.3 ± 13.7

15.3 ± 6.9

1.4 ± 0.4

22.5 ± 11.9

13.2 ± 6.4

1.5 ± 0.4

17.8 ± 7.0

10.6 ± 4.6

1.8 ± 0.5

MCRI On-X

21.3 ± 10.8

11.8 ± 3.4

1.5 ± 0.2

Bileaflet

16.4 ± 5.9

9.9 ± 3.6

1.7 ± 0.4

15.9 ± 6.4

8.6 ± 3.4

1.9 ± 0.6

16.5 ± 10.2

6.9 ± 4.3

2.4 ± 0.6

Medtronic Advantage

10.4 ± 3.1

2.2 ± 0.3

Bileaflet

9.0 ± 3.7

2.8 ± 0.6

7.6 ± 3.6

3.3 ± 0.7

6.1 ± 3.8

3.9 ± 0.7

Medtronic Freestyle

13.0 ± 3.9

Stentless

9.1 ± 5.1

1.4 ± 0.3

11.0 ± 4.0

8.1 ± 4.6

1.7 ± 0.5

5.3 ± 3.1

2.1 ± 0.5

4.6 ± 3.1

2.5 ± 0.1

Medtronic Hall

34.4 ± 13.1

17.1 ± 5.3

1.2 ± 0.5

Single tilting disc

26.9 ± 10.5

14.1 ± 5.9

1.1 ± 0.2

26.9 ± 8.9

13.5 ± 4.8

1.4 ± 0.4

17.1 ± 7.0

9.5 ± 4.3

1.5 ± 0.5

18.9 ± 9.7

8.7 ± 5.6

1.9 ± 0.2

Medtronic Mosaic

14.2 ± 5.0

1.4 ± 0.4

Stented porcine

23.8 ± 11.0

13.7 ± 4.8

1.5 ± 0.4

22.5 ± 10.0

11.7 ± 5.1

1.8 ± 0.5

10.4 ± 4.3

1.9 ± 0.1

11.1 ± 4.3

2.1 ± 0.2

Mitroflow

18.6 ± 5.3

13.1 ± 3.3

1.1 ± 0.2

Stented bovine pericardial

Monostrut Bjork-Shiley

27.4 ± 8.8

Single tilting disc

27.5 ± 3.1

20.5 ± 6.2

20.3 ± 0.7

17.4 ± 6.4

16.1 ± 4.9

11.4 ± 3.8

Prima

28.8 ± 6.0

13.7 ± 1.9

1.4 ± 0.7

Stentless

21.5 ± 7.5

11.5 ± 4.9

1.5 ± 0.3

22.1 ± 12.5

11.6 ± 7.2

1.8 ± 0.5

Omnicarbon

37.4 ± 12.8

20.4 ± 5.4

1.3 ± 0.5

Single tilting disc

28.8 ± 9.1

17.4 ± 4.9

1.5 ± 0.3

23.7 ± 8.1

13.2 ± 4.6

1.9 ± 0.5

20.1 ± 4.2

12.4 ± 2.9

2.1 ± 0.4

Omniscience

50.8 ± 2.8

28.2 ± 2.2

0.9 ± 0.1

Single tilting disc

39.8 ± 8.7

20.1 ± 5.1

1.0 ± 0.1

Starr Edwards

32.6 ± 12.8

22.0 ± 9.0

1.1 ± 0.2

Caged ball

34.1 ± 10.3

22.1 ± 7.5

1.1 ± 0.3

31.8 ± 9.0

19.7 ± 6.1

30.8 ± 6.3

18.5 ± 3.7

29.0 ± 9.3

16.3 ± 5.5

Sorin Bicarbon

30.1 ± 4.5

16.7 ± 2.0

1.4 ± 0.1

Bileaflet

22.0 ± 7.1

10.0 ± 3.3

1.2 ± 0.4

16.8 ± 6.1

7.7 ± 3.3

1.5 ± 0.2

11.2 ± 3.1

5.6 ± 1.6

2.4 ± 0.3

Sorin Pericarbon

36.5 ± 9.0

28.9 ± 7.3

1.2 ± 0.5

Stentless

28.0 ± 13.3

23.8 ± 11.1

1.3 ± 0.6

27.5 ± 11.5

23.2 ± 7.6

1.5 ± 0.5

St. Jude Medical

28.5 ± 10.7

17.0 ± 7.8

1.9 ± 0.1

Haem Plus

16.3 ± 17.0

10.6 ± 5.1

1.8 ± 0.5

Bileaflet

16.8 ± 7.3

12.1 ± 4.2

1.7 ± 0.5

St Jude Medical Regent

20.6 ± 12

11.0 ± 4.9

1.6 ± 0.4

Bileaflet

15.6 ± 9.4

8.0 ± 4.8

2.0 ± 0.7

12.8 ± 6.8

6.9 ± 3.5

2.3 ± 0.9

11.7 ± 6.8

5.6 ± 3.2

2.5 ± 0.8

7.9 ± 5.5

3.5 ± 1.7

3.6 ± 0.5

St Jude Medical Standard

42.0 ± 10.0

24.5 ± 5.8

1.5 ± 0.1

Bileaflet

25.7 ± 9.5

15.2 ± 5.0

1.4 ± 0.4

21.8 ± 7.5

13.4 ± 5.6

1.6 ± 0.4

18.9 ± 7.3

11.0 ± 5.3

1.9 ± 0.5

13.7 ± 4.2

8.4 ± 3.4

2.5 ± 0.4

13.5 ± 5.8

7.0 ± 1.7

2.8 ± 0.5

St Jude Medical

22.6 ± 14.5

10.7 ± 7.2

1.3 ± 0.6

Stentless

16.2 ± 9.0

8.2 ± 4.7

1.6 ± 0.6

12.7 ± 8.2

6.3 ± 4.1

1.8 ± 0.5

10.1 ± 5.8

5.0 ± 2.9

2.0 ± 0.3

7.7 ± 4.4

4.1 ± 2.4

2.4 ± 0.6

From Zoghbi WA, Chambers JB, Dumesnil JG, et al. Recommendations for evaluation of prosthetic valves with echocardiography and doppler ultrasound: a report From the American Society of Echocardiography's Guidelines and Standards Committee and the Task Force on Prosthetic Valves, developed in conjunction with the American College of Cardiology Cardiovascular Imaging Committee, Cardiac Imaging Committee of the American Heart Association, the European Association of Echocardiography, a registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology, the Japanese Society of Echocardiography and the Canadian Society of Echocardiography, endorsed by the American College of Cardiology Foundation, American Heart Association, European Association of Echocardiography, a registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology, the Japanese Society of Echocardiography, and Canadian Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2009;22:975-1014.

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Appendix F. Normal Doppler Echocardiographic Values for Prosthetic Aortic Valves

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Appendix F: Normal Doppler Echocardiographic Values for Prosthetic Aortic Valves

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