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Valve

Size

Peak Gradient (mm Hg)

Mean Gradient (mm Hg)

Effective Orifice Area (cm2)

ATS

19

47.0 ± 12.6

25.3 ± 8.0

1.1 ± 0.3

Bileaflet

21

23.7 ± 6.8

15.9 ± 5.0

1.4 ± 0.5

23

14.4 ± 4.9

1.7 ± 0.5

25

11.3 ± 3.7

2.1 ± 0.7

27

8.4 ± 3.7

2.5 ± 0.1

29

8.0 ± 3.0

3.1 ± 0.8

ATS AP

18

21.0 ± 1.8

1.2 ± 0.3

Bileaflet

20

21.4 ± 4.2

11.1 ± 3.5

1.3 ± 0.3

22

18.7 ± 8.3

10.5 ± 4.5

1.7 ± 0.4

24

15.1 ± 5.6

7.5 ± 3.1

2.0 ± 0.6

26

6.0 ± 2.0

2.1 ± 0.4

Baxter Perimount

19

32.5 ± 8.5

19.5 ± 5.5

1.3 ± 0.2

Stented bovine pericardial

21

24.9 ± 7.7

13.8 ± 4.0

1.3 ± 0.3

23

19.9 ± 7.4

11.5 ± 3.9

1.6 ± 0.3

25

16.5 ± 7.8

10.7 ± 3.8

1.6 ± 0.4

27

12.8 ± 5.4

4.8 ± 2.2

2.0 ± 0.4

Biocor

23

30.0 ± 10.7

20 ± 6.6

1.3 ± 0.3

Stented porcine

25

23.0 ± 7.9

16 ± 5.1

1.7 ± 0.4

27

22.0 ± 6.5

15.0 ± 3.7

2.2 ± 0.4

Extended Biocor

19-21

17.5 ± 6.5

9.6 ± 3.6

1.4 ± 0.4

Stentless

23

14.7 ± 7.3

7.7 ± 3.8

1.7 ± 0.4

25

14.0 ± 4.3

7.4 ± 2.5

1.8 ± 0.4

Bioflo

19

37.2 ± 8.8

26.4 ± 5.5

0.7 ± 0.1

Stented bovine pericardial

21

28.7 ± 6.2

18.7 ± 5.5

1.1 ± 0.1

Bjork-Shiley

21

38.9 ± 11.9

21.8 ± 3.4

1.1 ± 0.3

Single tilting disc

23

28.8 ± 11.2

15.7 ± 5.3

1.3 ± 0.3

25

23.7 ± 8.2

13.0 ± 5.0

1.5 ± 0.4

27

10.0 ± 2.0

1.6 ± 0.3

Carbomedics Reduced

19

43.4 ± 1.2

24.4 ± 1.2

1.2 ± 0.1

Bileaflet

Carbomedics Standard

19

38.0 ± 12.8

18.9 ± 8.3

1.0 ± 0.3

Bileaflet

21

26.8 ± 10.1

12.9 ± 5.4

1.5 ± 0.4

23

22.5 ± 7.4

11.0 ± 4.6

1.4 ± 0.3

25

19.6 ± 7.8

9.1 ± 3.5

1.8 ± 0.4

27

17.5 ± 7.1

7.9 ± 3.2

2.2 ± 0.2

29

9.1 ± 4.7

5.6 ± 3.0

3.2 ± 1.6

Carbomedics Tophat

21

30.2 ± 10.9

14.9 ± 5.4

1.2 ± 0.3

Bileaflet

23

24.2 ± 7.6

12.5 ± 4.4

1.4 ± 0.4

25

9.5 ± 2.9

1.6 ± 0.32

Carpentier Edwards

19

32.1 ± 3.4

24.2 ± 8.6

1.2 ± 0.3

Pericardial

21

25.7 ± 9.9

20.3 ± 9.1

1.5 ± 0.4

Stented bovine pericardial

23

21.7 ± 8.6

13.0 ± 5.3

1.8 ± 0.3

25

16.5 ± 5.4

9.0 ± 2.3

Carpentier Edwards

19

43.5 ± 12.7

25.6 ± 8.0

0.9 ± 0.2

Standard

21

27.7 ± 7.6

17.3 ± 6.2

1.5 ± 0.3

Stented porcine

23

28.9 ± 7.5

16.1 ± 6.2

1.7 ± 0.5

25

24.0 ± 7.1

12.9 ± 4.6

1.9 ± 0.5

27

22.1 ± ...

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