Sections View Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Annotate Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Supplementary Content ++|PrintValveSizePeak Gradient (mm Hg)Mean Gradient (mm Hg)Effective Orifice Area (cm2)ATS1947.0 ± 12.625.3 ± 8.01.1 ± 0.3Bileaflet2123.7 ± 6.815.9 ± 5.01.4 ± 0.52314.4 ± 4.91.7 ± 0.52511.3 ± 3.72.1 ± 0.7278.4 ± 3.72.5 ± 0.1298.0 ± 3.03.1 ± 0.8ATS AP1821.0 ± 1.81.2 ± 0.3Bileaflet2021.4 ± 4.211.1 ± 3.51.3 ± 0.32218.7 ± 8.310.5 ± 4.51.7 ± 0.42415.1 ± 5.67.5 ± 3.12.0 ± 0.6266.0 ± 2.02.1 ± 0.4Baxter Perimount1932.5 ± 8.519.5 ± 5.51.3 ± 0.2Stented bovine pericardial2124.9 ± 7.713.8 ± 4.01.3 ± 0.32319.9 ± 7.411.5 ± 3.91.6 ± 0.32516.5 ± 7.810.7 ± 3.81.6 ± 0.42712.8 ± 5.44.8 ± 2.22.0 ± 0.4Biocor2330.0 ± 10.720 ± 6.61.3 ± 0.3Stented porcine2523.0 ± 7.916 ± 5.11.7 ± 0.42722.0 ± 6.515.0 ± 3.72.2 ± 0.4Extended Biocor19-2117.5 ± 6.59.6 ± 3.61.4 ± 0.4Stentless2314.7 ± 7.37.7 ± 3.81.7 ± 0.42514.0 ± 4.37.4 ± 2.51.8 ± 0.4Bioflo1937.2 ± 8.826.4 ± 5.50.7 ± 0.1Stented bovine pericardial2128.7 ± 6.218.7 ± 5.51.1 ± 0.1Bjork-Shiley2138.9 ± 11.921.8 ± 3.41.1 ± 0.3Single tilting disc2328.8 ± 11.215.7 ± 5.31.3 ± 0.32523.7 ± 8.213.0 ± 5.01.5 ± 0.42710.0 ± 2.01.6 ± 0.3Carbomedics Reduced1943.4 ± 1.224.4 ± 1.21.2 ± 0.1BileafletCarbomedics Standard1938.0 ± 12.818.9 ± 8.31.0 ± 0.3Bileaflet2126.8 ± 10.112.9 ± 5.41.5 ± 0.42322.5 ± 7.411.0 ± 4.61.4 ± 0.32519.6 ± 7.89.1 ± 3.51.8 ± 0.42717.5 ± 7.17.9 ± 3.22.2 ± 0.2299.1 ± 4.75.6 ± 3.03.2 ± 1.6Carbomedics Tophat2130.2 ± 10.914.9 ± 5.41.2 ± 0.3Bileaflet2324.2 ± 7.612.5 ± 4.41.4 ± 0.4259.5 ± 2.91.6 ± 0.32Carpentier Edwards1932.1 ± 3.424.2 ± 8.61.2 ± 0.3Pericardial2125.7 ± 9.920.3 ± 9.11.5 ± 0.4Stented bovine pericardial2321.7 ± 8.613.0 ± 5.31.8 ± 0.32516.5 ± 5.49.0 ± 2.3Carpentier Edwards1943.5 ± 12.725.6 ± 8.00.9 ± 0.2Standard2127.7 ± 7.617.3 ± 6.21.5 ± 0.3Stented porcine2328.9 ± 7.516.1 ± 6.21.7 ± 0.52524.0 ± 7.112.9 ± 4.61.9 ± 0.52722.1 ± ... Your Access profile is currently affiliated with '[InstitutionA]' and is in the process of switching affiliations to '[InstitutionB]'. Please click ‘Continue’ to continue the affiliation switch, otherwise click ‘Cancel’ to cancel signing in. Get Free Access Through Your Institution Learn how to see if your library subscribes to McGraw Hill Medical products. Subscribe: Institutional or Individual Sign In Username Error: Please enter User Name Password Error: Please enter Password Forgot Password? Forgot Username? Sign in via OpenAthens Sign in via Shibboleth