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Appendix F. Normal Doppler Echocardiographic Values for Prosthetic Aortic Valves

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    AMA Citation
    Appendix F. Normal Doppler Echocardiographic Values for Prosthetic Aortic Valves. In: Mathew JP, Swaminathan M, Ayoub CM. Mathew J.P., Swaminathan M, Ayoub C.M. Eds. Joseph P. Mathew, et al.eds. Clinical Manual and Review of Transesophageal Echocardiography, 2e New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2010. http://accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=417&sectionid=40109099. Accessed February 18, 2019.
    MLA Citation
    . "Appendix F. Normal Doppler Echocardiographic Values for Prosthetic Aortic Valves." Clinical Manual and Review of Transesophageal Echocardiography, 2e Mathew JP, Swaminathan M, Ayoub CM. Mathew J.P., Swaminathan M, Ayoub C.M. Eds. Joseph P. Mathew, et al. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2010, http://accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=417&sectionid=40109099.

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Valve

Size

Peak Gradient (mm Hg)

Mean Gradient (mm Hg)

Effective Orifice Area (cm2)

ATS

19

47.0 ± 12.6

25.3 ± 8.0

1.1 ± 0.3

Bileaflet

21

23.7 ± 6.8

15.9 ± 5.0

1.4 ± 0.5

23

14.4 ± 4.9

1.7 ± 0.5

25

11.3 ± 3.7

2.1 ± 0.7

27

8.4 ± 3.7

2.5 ± 0.1

29

8.0 ± 3.0

3.1 ± 0.8

ATS AP

18

21.0 ± 1.8

1.2 ± 0.3

Bileaflet

20

21.4 ± 4.2

11.1 ± 3.5

1.3 ± 0.3

22

18.7 ± 8.3

10.5 ± 4.5

1.7 ± 0.4

24

15.1 ± 5.6

7.5 ± 3.1

2.0 ± 0.6

26

6.0 ± 2.0

2.1 ± 0.4

Baxter Perimount

19

32.5 ± 8.5

19.5 ± 5.5

1.3 ± 0.2

Stented bovine pericardial

21

24.9 ± 7.7

13.8 ± 4.0

1.3 ± 0.3

23

19.9 ± 7.4

11.5 ± 3.9

1.6 ± 0.3

25

16.5 ± 7.8

10.7 ± 3.8

1.6 ± 0.4

27

12.8 ± 5.4

4.8 ± 2.2

2.0 ± 0.4

Biocor

23

30.0 ± 10.7

20 ± 6.6

1.3 ± 0.3

Stented porcine

25

23.0 ± 7.9

16 ± 5.1

1.7 ± 0.4

27

22.0 ± 6.5

15.0 ± 3.7

2.2 ± 0.4

Extended Biocor

19-21

17.5 ± 6.5

9.6 ± 3.6

1.4 ± 0.4

Stentless

23

14.7 ± 7.3

7.7 ± 3.8

1.7 ± 0.4

25

14.0 ± 4.3

7.4 ± 2.5

1.8 ± 0.4

Bioflo

19

37.2 ± 8.8

26.4 ± 5.5

0.7 ± 0.1

Stented bovine pericardial

21

28.7 ± 6.2

18.7 ± 5.5

1.1 ± 0.1

Bjork-Shiley

21

38.9 ± 11.9

21.8 ± 3.4

1.1 ± 0.3

Single tilting disc

23

28.8 ± 11.2

15.7 ± 5.3

1.3 ± 0.3

25

23.7 ± 8.2

13.0 ± 5.0

1.5 ± 0.4

27

10.0 ± 2.0

1.6 ± 0.3

Carbomedics Reduced

19

43.4 ± 1.2

24.4 ± 1.2

1.2 ± 0.1

Bileaflet

Carbomedics Standard

19

38.0 ± 12.8

18.9 ± 8.3

1.0 ± 0.3

Bileaflet

21

26.8 ± 10.1

12.9 ± 5.4

1.5 ± 0.4

23

22.5 ± 7.4

11.0 ± 4.6

1.4 ± 0.3

25

19.6 ± 7.8

9.1 ± 3.5

1.8 ± 0.4

27

17.5 ± 7.1

7.9 ± 3.2

2.2 ± 0.2

29

9.1 ± 4.7

5.6 ± 3.0

3.2 ± 1.6

Carbomedics Tophat

21

30.2 ± 10.9

14.9 ± 5.4

1.2 ± 0.3

Bileaflet

23

24.2 ± 7.6

12.5 ± 4.4

1.4 ± 0.4

25

9.5 ± 2.9

1.6 ± 0.32

Carpentier Edwards

19

32.1 ± 3.4

24.2 ± 8.6

1.2 ± 0.3

Pericardial

21

25.7 ± 9.9

20.3 ± 9.1

1.5 ± 0.4

Stented bovine pericardial

23

21.7 ± 8.6

13.0 ± 5.3

1.8 ± 0.3

25

16.5 ± 5.4

9.0 ± 2.3

Carpentier Edwards

19

43.5 ± 12.7

25.6 ± 8.0

0.9 ± 0.2

Standard

21

27.7 ± 7.6

17.3 ± 6.2

1.5 ± 0.3

Stented porcine

23

28.9 ± 7.5

16.1 ± 6.2

1.7 ± 0.5

25

24.0 ± 7.1

12.9 ± 4.6

1.9 ± 0.5

27

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