Sections View Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Annotate Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Supplementary Content ++|PrintValveSizePeak Gradient (mm Hg)Mean Gradient (mm Hg)Effective Orifice Area (cm2)ATS1947.0 ± 12.625.3 ± 8.01.1 ± 0.3Bileaflet2123.7 ± 6.815.9 ± 5.01.4 ± 0.52314.4 ± 4.91.7 ± 0.52511.3 ± 3.72.1 ± 0.7278.4 ± 3.72.5 ± 0.1298.0 ± 3.03.1 ± 0.8ATS AP1821.0 ± 1.81.2 ± 0.3Bileaflet2021.4 ± 4.211.1 ± 3.51.3 ± 0.32218.7 ± 8.310.5 ± 4.51.7 ± 0.42415.1 ± 5.67.5 ± 3.12.0 ± 0.6266.0 ± 2.02.1 ± 0.4Baxter Perimount1932.5 ± 8.519.5 ± 5.51.3 ± 0.2Stented bovine pericardial2124.9 ± 7.713.8 ± 4.01.3 ± 0.32319.9 ± 7.411.5 ± 3.91.6 ± 0.32516.5 ± 7.810.7 ± 3.81.6 ± 0.42712.8 ± 5.44.8 ± 2.22.0 ± 0.4Biocor2330.0 ± 10.720 ± 6.61.3 ± 0.3Stented porcine2523.0 ± 7.916 ± 5.11.7 ± 0.42722.0 ± 6.515.0 ± 3.72.2 ± 0.4Extended Biocor19-2117.5 ± 6.59.6 ± 3.61.4 ± 0.4Stentless2314.7 ± 7.37.7 ± 3.81.7 ± 0.42514.0 ± 4.37.4 ± 2.51.8 ± 0.4Bioflo1937.2 ± 8.826.4 ± 5.50.7 ± 0.1Stented bovine pericardial2128.7 ± 6.218.7 ± 5.51.1 ± 0.1Bjork-Shiley2138.9 ± 11.921.8 ± 3.41.1 ± 0.3Single tilting disc2328.8 ± 11.215.7 ± 5.31.3 ± 0.32523.7 ± 8.213.0 ± 5.01.5 ± 0.42710.0 ± 2.01.6 ± 0.3Carbomedics Reduced1943.4 ± 1.224.4 ± 1.21.2 ± 0.1BileafletCarbomedics Standard1938.0 ± 12.818.9 ± 8.31.0 ± 0.3Bileaflet2126.8 ± 10.112.9 ± 5.41.5 ± 0.42322.5 ± 7.411.0 ± 4.61.4 ± 0.32519.6 ± 7.89.1 ± 3.51.8 ± 0.42717.5 ± 7.17.9 ± 3.22.2 ± 0.2299.1 ± 4.75.6 ± 3.03.2 ± 1.6Carbomedics Tophat2130.2 ± 10.914.9 ± 5.41.2 ± 0.3Bileaflet2324.2 ± 7.612.5 ± 4.41.4 ± 0.4259.5 ± 2.91.6 ± 0.32Carpentier Edwards1932.1 ± 3.424.2 ± 8.61.2 ± 0.3Pericardial2125.7 ± 9.920.3 ± 9.11.5 ± 0.4Stented bovine pericardial2321.7 ± 8.613.0 ± 5.31.8 ± 0.32516.5 ± 5.49.0 ± 2.3Carpentier Edwards1943.5 ± 12.725.6 ± 8.00.9 ± 0.2Standard2127.7 ± 7.617.3 ± 6.21.5 ± 0.3Stented porcine2328.9 ± 7.516.1 ± 6.21.7 ± 0.52524.0 ± 7.112.9 ± 4.61.9 ± 0.52722.1 ± ... Your Access profile is currently affiliated with [InstitutionA] and is in the process of switching affiliations to [InstitutionB]. Please select how you would like to proceed. Keep the current affiliation with [InstitutionA] and continue with the Access profile sign in process Switch affiliation to [InstitutionB] and continue with the Access profile sign in process Get Free Access Through Your Institution Learn how to see if your library subscribes to McGraw Hill Medical products. Subscribe: Institutional or Individual Sign In Error: Incorrect UserName or Password Username Error: Please enter User Name Password Error: Please enter Password Sign in Forgot Password? Forgot Username? Sign in via OpenAthens Sign in via Shibboleth You already have access! Please proceed to your institution's subscription. Create a free profile for additional features.