Appendix C: Local Anesthetics

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Local Anesthetics

Local Anesthetics

			Concentration (%)
Drugs	Latency	Duration	Infiltration	Peripheral Nerve	Epidural	Spinal	Topical	Maximum Dose [mg] with Epi	Maximum Dose [mg] without Epi
Esters
Procaine (Novacain)	Immediate	Short (30–45 min)	1	—	2	2	—	800	500
Chloroprocaine (Nesacaine)	Fast	Short (45–60 min)	1	—	2	2	—	700	600
Tetracaine (Pontocaine)	Slow	Long (2–3 h)	0.1–0.2	0.1–0.2	—	1	0.5–1	100	75
Cocaine	Slow	Intermediate (60–120 min)	—	—	—	—	4–10	—	150
Amides
Lydocaine (Xylocaine)	Fast	Intermediate (60–120 min)	0.5–1	1–1.5	1–2	5	4	500	200
Mepivacaine (Carbocaine)	Fast	Intermediate (60–120 min)	1	1–1.5	1.5–2	—	—	500	200
Dibucaine (Nupercainal)	Slow	Very long (3–4 h)	—	—	—	0.5	—	—	50
Bupivacaine (Marcaine)	Intermediate	Very long (4–8 h)	0.25–0.5	0.25–0.5	0.5–0.75	0.5	—	250	150
Prilocaine (Citanest)	Slow	Intermediate (60–120 min)	0.5–1	1	2–3	—	—	600	400
Etidocaine (Duranest)	Fast	Very long (4–8 h)	0.5	0.5–1	1–1.5	—	—	400	200
Ropivacaine (Naropin)	Fast	Very long	.5–.75	0.5–0.75	0.5–1	—	—	250	150
Levobupivacaine (Chirocaine)	Slow	Very long	0.25–0.5	0.25–0.5	0.5–0.75	0.5	—	300	200

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