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Appendix C: Local Anesthetics

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Table: Local Anesthetics.

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Local Anesthetics
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Local Anesthetics
Concentration (%)
DrugsLatencyDurationInfiltrationPeripheral NerveEpiduralSpinalTopicalMaximum Dose [mg] with EpiMaximum Dose [mg] without Epi
Esters
Procaine (Novacain)ImmediateShort (30–45 min)1—22—800500
Chloroprocaine (Nesacaine)FastShort (45–60 min)1—22—700600
Tetracaine (Pontocaine)SlowLong (2–3 h)0.1–0.20.1–0.2—10.5–110075
CocaineSlowIntermediate (60–120 min)————4–10—150
Amides
Lydocaine (Xylocaine)FastIntermediate (60–120 min)0.5–11–1.51–254500200
Mepivacaine (Carbocaine)FastIntermediate (60–120 min)11–1.51.5–2——500200
Dibucaine (Nupercainal)SlowVery long (3–4 h)———0.5——50
Bupivacaine (Marcaine)IntermediateVery long (4–8 h)0.25–0.50.25–0.50.5–0.750.5—250150
Prilocaine (Citanest)SlowIntermediate (60–120 min)0.5–112–3——600400
Etidocaine (Duranest)FastVery long (4–8 h)0.50.5–11–1.5——400200
Ropivacaine (Naropin)FastVery long.5–.750.5–0.750.5–1——250150
Levobupivacaine (Chirocaine)SlowVery long0.25–0.50.25–0.50.5–0.750.5—300200

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