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Chapter 2: Radiological and Ultrasound Anatomy

BRAIN AND SKULL

Diagnostic data may be useful for assessing brain lesions, fractures, hemorrhage, infarction, tumor, hydrocephalus, and/or cerebral edema.

  1. Epidural hematoma (Figure 2-1)

  2. Subdural hematoma (Figure 2-2)

  3. Subarachnoid hemorrhage (Figure 2-3)

FIGURE 2-1

Epidural hematoma. (Reproduced with permission from Longo DL, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, et al, eds. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 18th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2012.)

A C T scan of the brain of a patient with an epidural hematoma. White, opaque areas of bleeding are visible on either side of the frontal cortex.
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FIGURE 2-2

Subdural hematoma. (Reproduced with permission from Chen MY. Basic Radiology, 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill Medical; 2004.)

An M R I and 2 C T scans of the lateral and coronal views of the brain of a patient with a subdural hematoma.
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FIGURE 2-3

Subarachnoid hemorrhage. (Reproduced with permission from Doherty GM. CURRENT Diagnosis and Treatment: Surgery, 13th ed. McGraw-Hill Companies; 2010.)

An M R I of the brain of a patient with subarachnoid hemorrhage. A brought white hematoma is observed in the frontal lobe.
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CHEST

Diagnostic data may include assessment of fracture, infection, bleeding, tumor, pulmonary emboli, pneumothorax, emphysema, and fibrosis.

  1. Pulmonary embolus (Figure 2-4)

  2. Pneumothorax (Figure 2-5)

  3. Lung anatomy via computed tomography (Figure 2-6)

  4. Central line placement confirmation by chest radiograph (Figure 2-7)

  5. Cardiac anatomy on chest radiograph (Figure 2-8)

FIGURE 2-4

Pulmonary embolus. (Reproduced with permission from Longo DL, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, et al, eds. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 18th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2012.)

Two M R I's of the lungs of a patient with pulmonary embolus. In the first, an arrow points to a grey, opaque occlusion in the pulmonary artery. In the second image, arrows point to the occlusion in the right pulmonary artery and left pulmonary artery.
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FIGURE 2-5

Pneumothorax. (Reproduced with permission from Longo DL, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, et al, eds. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 18th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2012.)

A C T scan of the lungs of a patient with pneumothorax. Arrows point to the white, transparent gas present in the left lungs.
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FIGURE 2-6

Lung anatomy. (Reproduced with permission from Chen MM, Pope TL, Ott DJ, eds. Basic Radiology, 2nd ed. New York: McGraw Hill; 2011.)

Four C T scans of the lungs of a patient show the views of different lobes. Four C T scans of the lungs of a patient show the views of different lobes.
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Four C T scans of the lungs of a patient show the views of different lobes. Four C T scans of the lungs of a patient show the views of different lobes.
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FIGURE 2-7

Central venous catheter placement. (Reproduced with permission from Chen MM, Pope TL, Ott DJ, eds. Basic Radiology, 2nd ed. New York: McGraw Hill; 2011.)

A chest radiograph of a patient. An arrow points to the central line tubing.
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FIGURE 2-8

Cardiac anatomy. (Reproduced with permission from Chen MM, Pope TL, Ott DJ, eds. Basic Radiology, 2nd ed. New York: McGraw Hill; 2011.)

Two radiograph images of the chest of a patient show the anatomy in different views
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NECK

  1. Vascular access (Figures 2-9 and 2-10)—The internal jugular vein usually lies lateral to the carotid artery (but may be positioned anterior to it in some circumstances).

  2. Cervical spine fracture (Figures 2-11 and 2-12)

FIGURE 2-9

Internal jugular vein. (Reproduced with permission ...

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