Sections View Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Annotate Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Supplementary Content +++ GRADING OF ATRIAL SEPTAL ANEURYSMS (ASA) (15 mm of the atrial septum extending 15 mm into either atrial chamber)1 ++ Table Graphic Jump Location|Download (.pdf)|Print Type Description 1R The atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) protrudes from the midline of the atria to the right atrium throughout the cardiorespiratory cycle 2L The ASA protrudes from the midline of the atrial septum to the left atrium throughout the cardiorespiratory cycle 3RL The maximal excursion of the ASA is toward the right atrium with a lesser excursion toward the left atrium 4LR The maximal excursion of the ASA is toward the left atrium with a lesser excursion toward the right atrium 5 The ASA movement is bidirectional and equidistant to the right as well as to the left atrium during the cardiorespiratory cycle +++ GRADING OF THORACIC AORTA ATHEROMA2 ++ Table Graphic Jump Location|Download (.pdf)|Print Grade Severity Description 1 Normal Intimal thickness <2 mm 2 Mild Mild (focal or diffuse) intimal thickening of 2–3 mm 3 Moderate Atheroma >3–5 mm (no mobile/ulcerated components) 4 Severe Atheroma >5 mm (no mobile/ulcerated components) 5 Complex Grade 2, 3, or 4 atheroma plus mobile or ulcerated components ++ Graphic Jump LocationView Full Size||Download Slide (.ppt) +++ CLASSIFICATION OF ENDOLEAKS3 ++ Table Graphic Jump Location|Download (.pdf)|Print Type Description I Attachment site leak A Proximal leak B Distal leak C Iliac occluder II Branch leaks A To-and-fro simple flow from branch vessel into aneurysmal sac B Complex flow through two or more branch vessels into the aneurysmal sac III Graft defect A Midgraft hole B Junctional leak or graft disconnection C Other mechanisms (e.g., failure from suture holes) IV Graft wall porosity +++ ASSESSMENT OF THE SEVERITY OF PERICARDIAL EFFUSION4 ++ Table Graphic Jump Location|Download (.pdf)|Print End-diastolic Separation of Pericardial Layers (mm) Grade Volume (mL) <10 Small 50–100 10–20 Moderate 100–500 >20 Large >500 Normal pericardial thickness: 1 to 2 mm ++ REFERENCES +1. +Olivares-Reyes A, Chan S, Lazar EJ. Atrial septal aneurysms: A new classification in two-hundred five adults. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 1997;10:644–656. [PubMed: 9282354] +2. +Goldstein SA, Evangelista A, Abbara S, et al. Multimodality imaging of diseases of the thoracic aorta in adults: from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging: endorsed by the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography and Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2015;28(2):119–182. [PubMed: 25623219] +3. +Veith FJ, Baum RA, Ohki T, et al. Nature and significance of endoleaks and endotension: summary of opinions expressed at an international conference. J Vasc Surg. 2002;35(5):1029–1035. [PubMed: 12021724] +4. +Klein AL, Abbara S, Agler DA, et ... Your Access profile is currently affiliated with [InstitutionA] and is in the process of switching affiliations to [InstitutionB]. Please select how you would like to proceed. Keep the current affiliation with [InstitutionA] and continue with the Access profile sign in process Switch affiliation to [InstitutionB] and continue with the Access profile sign in process Get Free Access Through Your Institution Learn how to see if your library subscribes to McGraw Hill Medical products. Subscribe: Institutional or Individual Sign In Error: Incorrect UserName or Password Username Error: Please enter User Name Password Error: Please enter Password Sign in Forgot Password? Forgot Username? Sign in via OpenAthens Sign in via Shibboleth You already have access! Please proceed to your institution's subscription. Create a free profile for additional features.