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Chapter 114: Formulas

Natalie Kostelecky; Stephen M. Pastores

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    AMA Citation
    Kostelecky N, Pastores SM. Kostelecky N, Pastores S.M. Kostelecky, Natalie, and Stephen M. Pastores.Formulas. In: Oropello JM, Pastores SM, Kvetan V. Oropello J.M., Pastores S.M., Kvetan V Eds. John M. Oropello, et al.eds. Critical Care New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; . http://accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=1944&sectionid=143523327. Accessed May 24, 2019.
    MLA Citation
    Kostelecky N, Pastores SM. Kostelecky N, Pastores S.M. Kostelecky, Natalie, and Stephen M. Pastores.. "Formulas." Critical Care Oropello JM, Pastores SM, Kvetan V. Oropello J.M., Pastores S.M., Kvetan V Eds. John M. Oropello, et al. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, , http://accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=1944&sectionid=143523327.

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A. Cardiovascular/Hemodynamics Equation Normal Ranges
Systemic systolic blood pressure (SBP) 100-140 mm Hg
Systemic diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 60-90 mm Hg
Pulse pressure (PP) SBP – DBP 30-50 mm Hg
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) SBP + (2 × DBP)/3 70-110 mm Hg
Mean pulmonary arterial pressure [PASP + (2 × DBP)]/3 10-20 mm Hg
Central venous pressure (CVP) 2-6 mm Hg
Pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (PAOP) 4-10 mm Hg
Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) MAP – RAP/CO × 80 800-1200 dynes s/cm5
Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) MPAP – PAWP/CO × 80 <250 dynes s/cm5
Cardiac output (CO) SV × HR/1000 4.0-8.0 L/min
Cardiac index (CI) CO/BSA 2.5-4.0 L/min/m2
Stroke volume (SV) CO/HR × 1000 60-100 mL/beat
Stroke index (SI) CI/HR × 1000 33-47 mL/m2/beat
Left ventricular stroke work index SVI × (MAP – PAWP) × 0.0136 50-62 g m/m2/beat
Right ventricular stroke work index SVI × (MPAP – RAP) × 0.0136 5-10 g m/m2/beat
Oxygen delivery (DO2) CO × CaO2 × 10 950-1150 mL/min
Oxygen consumption (VO2) CO × (CaO2 – CvO2) × 10 200-250 mL/min
Arterial oxygen content (CaO2) 1.39 × SaO2 × (Hgb) + 0.0031 × PaO2 17-20 mL/dL
Venous oxygen content (CvO2) 1.39 × SvO2 × (Hgb) + 0.0031 × PaO2 12-15 mL/dL
Arterio-venous oxygen content difference (AVO2) CaO2 – CvO2 4-6 mL/dL
Oxygen extraction ratio (O2ER) CaO2 – CvO2/CaO2 × 100 22%-30%
Coronary artery perfusion DBP – PAWP 60-80 mm Hg

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B. Respiratory Equation Normal Ranges
Arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) 80-100 mm Hg
Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) 95%-100%
Arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) 35-45 mm Hg
Alveolar gas equation (PAo2)

Image not available.
Alveolar-arterial oxygen difference (A-a gradient) PAo2 – PaO2

5-25 mm Hg (at FIo2 = 0.21)

<150 mm Hg (at FIo2 = 1.0)
Minute ventilation Respiratory rate × tidal volume 5-6 L/min
Dead space fraction (VD/VT) Paco2 – Peco2/Paco2 0.2-0.3
Respiratory system static compliance (Cst) VT/Pplat – PEEP 60 mL/cm H2O
Respiratory system dynamic compliance (Cdyn) VT/PIP – PEEP 60 mL/cm H2O
Pulmonary capillary oxygen content (CCo2) (Hgb × 1.39 × 1.0) + (0.0031 × PAo2) 20.7 ml O2/dL
Shunt fraction (QS/QT) (Cco2 – Cao2)/(Cco2 – Cvo2) <5%
Oxygen delivery (Do2) Cao2 × CO × 10 950-1150 mL/min
Oxygen consumption (Vo2)

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