Sections View Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Annotate Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Supplementary Content ++ Table Graphic Jump Location|Download (.pdf)|Print A. Cardiovascular/Hemodynamics Equation Normal Ranges Systemic systolic blood pressure (SBP) 100-140 mm Hg Systemic diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 60-90 mm Hg Pulse pressure (PP) SBP – DBP 30-50 mm Hg Mean arterial pressure (MAP) SBP + (2 × DBP)/3 70-110 mm Hg Mean pulmonary arterial pressure [PASP + (2 × DBP)]/3 10-20 mm Hg Central venous pressure (CVP) 2-6 mm Hg Pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (PAOP) 4-10 mm Hg Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) MAP – RAP/CO × 80 800-1200 dynes s/cm5 Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) MPAP – PAWP/CO × 80 <250 dynes s/cm5 Cardiac output (CO) SV × HR/1000 4.0-8.0 L/min Cardiac index (CI) CO/BSA 2.5-4.0 L/min/m2 Stroke volume (SV) CO/HR × 1000 60-100 mL/beat Stroke index (SI) CI/HR × 1000 33-47 mL/m2/beat Left ventricular stroke work index SVI × (MAP – PAWP) × 0.0136 50-62 g m/m2/beat Right ventricular stroke work index SVI × (MPAP – RAP) × 0.0136 5-10 g m/m2/beat Oxygen delivery (DO2) CO × CaO2 × 10 950-1150 mL/min Oxygen consumption (VO2) CO × (CaO2 – CvO2) × 10 200-250 mL/min Arterial oxygen content (CaO2) 1.39 × SaO2 × (Hgb) + 0.0031 × PaO2 17-20 mL/dL Venous oxygen content (CvO2) 1.39 × SvO2 × (Hgb) + 0.0031 × PaO2 12-15 mL/dL Arterio-venous oxygen content difference (AVO2) CaO2 – CvO2 4-6 mL/dL Oxygen extraction ratio (O2ER) CaO2 – CvO2/CaO2 × 100 22%-30% Coronary artery perfusion DBP – PAWP 60-80 mm Hg ++ Table Graphic Jump Location|Download (.pdf)|Print B. Respiratory Equation Normal Ranges Arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) 80-100 mm Hg Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) 95%-100% Arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) 35-45 mm Hg Alveolar gas equation (PAo2) Alveolar-arterial oxygen difference (A-a gradient) PAo2 – PaO2 5-25 mm Hg (at FIo2 = 0.21) <150 mm Hg (at FIo2 = 1.0) Minute ventilation Respiratory rate × tidal volume 5-6 L/min Dead space fraction (VD/VT) Paco2 – Peco2/Paco2 0.2-0.3 Respiratory system static compliance (Cst) VT/Pplat – PEEP 60 mL/cm H2O Respiratory system dynamic compliance (Cdyn) VT/PIP – PEEP 60 mL/cm H2O Pulmonary capillary oxygen content (CCo2) (Hgb × 1.39 × 1.0) + (0.0031 × PAo2) 20.7 ml O2/dL Shunt fraction (QS/QT) (Cco2 – Cao2)/(Cco2 – Cvo2) <5% Oxygen delivery (Do2) Cao2 × CO × 10 950-1150 mL/min Oxygen consumption ... Your Access profile is currently affiliated with '[InstitutionA]' and is in the process of switching affiliations to '[InstitutionB]'. Please click ‘Continue’ to continue the affiliation switch, otherwise click ‘Cancel’ to cancel signing in. Get Free Access Through Your Institution Learn how to see if your library subscribes to McGraw Hill Medical products. Subscribe: Institutional or Individual Sign In Username Error: Please enter User Name Password Error: Please enter Password Forgot Username? Forgot Password? Sign in via OpenAthens Sign in via Shibboleth