TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Stages and Signs of General Anesthesia
A1  - Freeman, Brian S.
A2  - Freeman, Brian S.
A2  - Berger, Jeffrey S.
PY  - 2014
T2  - Anesthesiology Core Review: Part One Basic Exam
AB  - The  American  Society  of  Anesthesiologists  has  specific  criteria  for  the  definition  of  general  anesthesia.  General  anesthesia  is  the  induction  of  a  loss  of  unconsciousness  by  pharmacological  means.  In  this  state,  the  patient  will  be  unarousable  to  verbal,  tactile,  and  painful  stimuli.  Because  of  upper  airway  obstruction,  some  form  of  intervention,  usually  insertion  of  a  laryngeal  mask  airway  or  endotracheal  tube,  is  typically  required  to  maintain  airway  patency.  Spontaneous  ventilation  is  frequently  inadequate,  necessitating  the  use  of  partial  or  full  mechanical  support  with  positive  pressure  ventilation.  Cardiovascular  function  may  be  impaired,  often  leading  to  hypotension  and  dysrhythmias.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/18
UR  - accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1102567696
ER  -