TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Ultrasound of the Thoracic Spine for Thoracic Epidural Injections
A1  - Karmakar, Manoj K.
A1  - Soh, Edmund
A1  - Chee, Victor
A1  - Sheah, Kenneth
PY  - 2018
T2  - Atlas of Sonoanatomy for Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
AB  - Ultrasound  imaging  of  the  thoracic  spine  can  be  challenging  due  to  peculiarities  in  its  anatomy.  The  osseous  framework  of  the  thoracic  spine  makes  up  for  a  narrow  acoustic  window  with  limited  ultrasound  visibility  of  the  spinal  canal  and  neuraxial  structures.1,2  Ultrasound  visibility  of  the  thoracic  spine  also  varies  depending  on  the  plane1  of  the  ultrasound  imaging  and  which  part  of  the  thoracic  spine  is  being  imaged.1  Ultrasound  visibility  progressively  decreases  as  one  moves  up  the  thoracic  spine.1  Currently  data  are  limited  on  the  use  of  ultrasound  to  guide  or  assist  thoracic  epidural  injections.3,4  This  chapter  briefly  outlines  the  anatomy,  the  technique  of  ultrasound  imaging,  and  sonoanatomy  of  the  thoracic  spine  relevant  for  thoracic  epidural  injection.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/24
UR  - accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1146854714
ER  -