TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Chapter 58. Opioid Pharmacotherapy
A1  - Lipman, Arthur G.
A1  - Jackson II, Kenneth C.
A2  - Warfield, Carol A.
A2  - Bajwa, Zahid H.
Y1  - 2004
N1  - 
T2  - Principles & Practice of Pain Medicine, 2e
AB  - Opium  is  a  heterogeneous  drug  derived  from  the  milky  exudate  of  the  opium  poppy,  Papaver  somniferum.  The  word  opium  is  derived  from  the  Greek  word  for  juice.  This  natural  product,  which  contains  over  20  different  alkaloids,  has  been  used  to  control  human  discomfort  for  over  five  millennia.  Opium  was  used  clinically  in  the  early  days  of  European  medicine,  but  it  fell  into  disfavor  because  of  toxic  outcomes  from  nonstandardized  drugs  that  were  not  used  with  necessary  care.  Paracelsus  repopularized  the  use  of  opium  in  the  16th  century,  and  by  the  second  half  of  that  century,  clinical  use  of  opium  was  understood  and  adopted  by  physicians  throughout  the  continent.  
SN  - 
PB  - The McGraw-Hill Companies
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/19
UR  - accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=3418960
ER  -