TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Chapter 25. Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block
A1  - Borgeat, Alain
A1  - Blumenthal, Stephan
A2  - Hadzic, Admir
Y1  - 2007
N1  - 
T2  - NYSORA Textbook of Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management
AB  - The  first  brachial  plexus  blocks  were  performed  by  Halsted,  in  1885,  at  the  Roosevelt  Hospital  in  New  York  City.  Later  Crile,  in  1902,  described  an  “open  approach”  to  expose  the  plexus  to  the  direct  application  of  cocaine.  At  the  time,  however,  the  clinical  applicability  of  this  approach  was  limited  because  of  the  need  for  surgical  exposure  of  the  brachial  plexus.  Percutaneous  access  to  the  brachial  plexus  was  described  in  the  early  1900s.  In  1925,  Etienne1  reported  the  successful  blockade  of  the  brachial  plexus  by  inserting  a  needle  at  the  level  of  the  cricothyroid  membrane,  halfway  between  the  lateral  border  of  the  sternocleidomastoid  and  the  anterior  border  of  the  trapezius  muscle  after  a  single  injection  through  the  area  around  the  scalene  muscles.  This  approach  is  most  likely  the  first  clinically  useful  interscalene  block  technique.  
SN  - 
PB  - The McGraw-Hill Companies
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/19
UR  - accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=3501233
ER  -