TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Local Anesthetic Mixtures for Peripheral Nerve Blocks
A1  - Choi, Jason
A1  - Gadsden, Jeff
A2  - Hadzic, Admir
Y1  - 2017
N1  - 
T2  - Hadzic's Textbook of Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management, 2e
AB  - Peripheral  nerve  blocks  (PNBs)  provide  numerous  advantages  for  surgical  patients  when  used  either  as  an  analgesic  supplement  or  as  an  alternative  to  general  anesthesia.  These  advantages  include  superior  pain  control  and  avoidance  of  adverse  effects  associated  with  volatile  anesthetics  and  opioids.1  However,  the  benefits  of  PNBs  are  limited  by  the  pharmacodynamics  of  the  local  anesthetic  agents  injected.  Analgesia  provided  by  PNBs  lasts  only  as  long  as  the  duration  of  action  of  the  local  anesthetic  at  specific  tissue  sites.  Typically,  local  anesthetics  are  characterized  according  to  their  latency  (“onset  time”)  and  duration  of  action.  For  practical  clinical  purposes,  local  anesthetics  can  be  grouped  into  one  of  three  categories:  (1)  rapid  onset  and  short  duration  (eg,  chloroprocaine,  procaine);  (2)  rapid  onset  and  intermediate  duration  (eg,  lidocaine,  mepivacaine);  and  (3)  slower  onset  and  long  duration  (eg,  bupivacaine,  ropivacaine,  tetracaine).2  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/25
UR  - accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1141731309
ER  -